Oka Crisis In Canada

The government eventually passed the native title in which stated that the laws and regulation for the courts follows in future claims. This had all happened in 1993. Many non- indigenous people did not understand why Mabo had put so much effort into all this when it was just land. They did not realize the issue that Mabo was stating, butF why would the non-indigenous people see a problem.

“This is our land! It isn’t a piece of pemmican to be cut off and given in little pieces to us. It is ours and we will take what we want.” (voices and visions chapter 8 pg.181, poundmaker in the english tongue) The Cree and many Métis believed that the land was theirs and they were entitled to it.

“Kanehsatake : 270 Years of Resistance” deals with the Oka crisis, a confrontation between Mohawk Indians living on area near Oka and the Canadian military. The interest of a local land development leads to government approval to expand a private 9-hole golf course and to build a luxury housing, both to be located on a burial ground and sacred pine grove belonging to the Mohawk nation. These serve as a momentum of a 270 year battle to officially regain their territory. A crowd of Mohawk Indians bloked incoming contruction equipment, and then the invaders called SQ(Quebec’s provincial police) in.

The Treaty with the Chippewa of the Mississippi tried to restrict the Ojibwe people to one place in Minnesota. In which resulted in The United States helping to pay for a lot of the education and farming costs for the Ojibwe tribe. In 1867, The Treaty with the Chippewa of the Mississippi was formed and signed on March 19, 1867. It was developed to keep the Ojibwe people in one place, and it also encouraged them to keep farming through the allotment of land. People who were “individual band members” were provided with a scrip that could be used to get 160 acres of land; but “mixed blood individuals” only were given a scrip if they lived in the boundaries of the reservation.

The Tunica tribe could reclaim their land in 1844 because Celestin Moreau charged five old women from the tribe with trespassing. The Moreau vs. Valentin case brought the end of the court costs to Moreau and the Tunica was allowed an equal hearing. Because there was

They had forgotten about Lubicon Lake Cree (part of Treaty 8) as they did not get a reserve. The government realized that the Lubicon Lake Cree people were entitled to their reserve in 1930, however, they

The Oka crisis was a clash between a group of Mohawks mainly from the Kanesatake reserve, and the Quebec police over a disputed land that contained a Mohawk burial ground. The Mayor of Oka declared that the land would be used for a golf course expansion, and as a result barricades were erected by protesters in an attempt to halt construction (1). The conflict illustrated Canada’s inequality toward aboriginal people, proved that aboriginals would resort to aggression, and played a key role in creating the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. The Oka crisis is significant to Canadian history because it showed Canada still had prejudice against its Aboriginal people, showed that natives were willing to use violence to defend their rights, and

The third step is to understand the impacts of those challenges on Canadian society, which will be paragraph three. Let's get started. The Indian Act and various other treaties had a very large impact on the status and identity of First Nations

Causes, issues, and groups involved The conflict with the aboriginal people of Canada is seen to have begun with the official Indian Act of 1875. However for decades prior to the Indian Act the population of Canada had been aiming to get the indigenous population to assimilate to the new, more modern European settler lifestyle and cultural ideals. Prior to the Indian Act, there was the Gradual Citizens act which was passed in 1857. These laws and acts became the basis of the modern Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Canada.

The conflicts between Canadian government and aboriginal groups have existed since the first British and French settlers came to Canada; however, some problems still appear today. The Oka Crisis is one of the major chaos caused by these left-over problems. In 1990, in order to stop the government from taking over their claimed lands, some Mohawks on the Kanesatake reserve blocked the roads near the Quebec village of Oka. Police forces were called to action; however, the aboriginal protesters killed a policeman and the police failed to take over the blocked. As the crisis upgraded, more and more protesters from all areas started to do the same thing.

There are many moments in Canada’s history that served to define the country. Some of these moments include Confederation in 1867, the discovery of insulin by Dr. Frederick Banting and his assistant Charles Best, the implementation of free health Care, the Canadian and Soviets hockey series in which Canada won, and many more. But, as argued in this paper, is the Canada Act in 1982. (It is important to keep in mind the Constitution Act, 1982 was annexed as a part of the Canada Act and may be referred to in this paper.) The Canada Act served to give Canada, and its populace, the greatest amount of independence and freedom that it has ever experienced, politically, culturally, and legally.

The Indian Act is a part of Canadian legislation that is intended to elucidate how the federal government handles its responsibilities to the Aboriginal population of Canada. The Indian Act was created to civilize, protect and assimilate the Aboriginal people; however, in the past the Canadian government perceived Aboriginal people as wards, and thought that the Native communities and governments were unqualified of running their affairs (Coates, 2008). In the past the Indian Act was also utilized as an instrument to limit rights of the Aboriginal population. It banned Aboriginal people from practicing their cultural practices, denied them the right to vote, controlled who was permitted to travel from reserve settings, and decided where

The government couldn’t do much about the situation because there were too many people coming into the territory and there was gold on the land. The tension between the Indians and Whites grew. Slowly the Natives started to get out of control. They started to steal farmers and ranchers cattle and some cases they would also burn ranches down. They would raid; wagon trains, miners, and settlers that were traveling through the Indians territory or settling the

The government has a policy of terminating Indian reservations and the people to be relocated to urban areas. Indians disliked this because they were being forced to change and somewhat forget their culture. Children were banned from speaking their native tongue

Over the past century, assimilation has been the predominant solution to the challenges posed by the existence of Indigenous people. Historically, Canadian sovereignty depended on maintaining the relationship between Canada’s Indigenous people and the Crown through treaties of peace and friendship (Macklem 122). It was not until 1973 when the Calder case formally recognized pre-existing Aboriginal titles to land that the Canadian government committed to settling all pending land claims (Légaré 344). The legitimacy of self-determination was further entrenched when the Constitution Act in 1982 recognized all existing treaty rights as well as the inherent Indigenous right of self-government (Macklem 2001, 101). Indigenous peoples have always wanted control over their own affairs which lead to the constant pressure on the Federal Government to grant them wider powers in the government which they had before the coming of the Europeans.