Organizational Management And Leadership: A Christian Perspective

There is a clear difference between transaction, transformative and transformational leadership. Transformational leadership has the potential to satisfy the academics and the social justice to meet the complexity of diverse society and our education system by challenging inappropriate use of power in search to create equality and justice society rather than inequality and injustice, whereas transaction leadership foundations are based on a mutual agreement of exchange between leadership and other organisational members and transformational leadership focuses on improving process, organisational functions to improve effectiveness and outcomes (Gunter 2009 and Shields

What are the outcomes of each?The difference in transactional leadership and transformation leadership is that transactional is traditional in nature while transformational is ethical in nature. Transactional leaderships have their own goals and vision while their subordinates follow them. Transformational leadership creates shared vision with their subordinates. Transformational leaders are most likely to approach others to discuss and solve problems and transactional leadership will wait until they are approached first. Transactional leaders encourage their team to achieve targets according to prewritten plans while transformational leaders Inspires people to do the unexpected and go beyond themselves to solves problems, regardless of plans (Babou, 2008).

Transactional Leadership is based on the principles of the social exchange theory, in which an individual would expect to give and receive benefits or rewards when engaging in a social interaction (Sullivan, 2012). The interaction will cease if one or both person decides that the exchange of benefits and rewards are no longer worthwhile. Transactional Leadership theory also focus on the task that need to be carried out and makes sure they are done the right way as compared to Transformational Leadership theory which focus on staff empowerment (Marquis and Huston, 2015). A nurse manger in a department or ward is a good example of Transactional Leadership theory.

The organizational factors include: flexibility, responsibility, standards, rewards, clarity, and commitment. The research shows that the coercive and pacesetting styles have a negative correlations on organizational climate while the other four styles have a positive impact. Thus, except for unusual circumstances where coercive and pacesetting styles might be appropriate, leaders should normally use a combination of the authoritative, affiliative, democratic and coaching styles to achieve success. The best leaders will sense from their emotional intelligence when to use each of these styles. If you are an aspiring leader or a leader who wants to get to the next level of leadership excellence, Goleman’s article is a great primer on how to effectively use different leadership

The term "transactional" refers to the fact that this type of leader essentially motivates subordinates by exchanging rewards for performance. A transactional leader generally does not look ahead in strategically guiding an organization to a position of market leadership; instead, these managers are solely concerned with making sure everything flows smoothly today. Advantages As stated above both leadership styles are needed for guiding an organization to success, and it was thanks to that approach that Fight Club was such a successful organization.

Like its name, transformational leadership is about transforming and making an impact on an issue or person (Spahr, 2013). This theory assumes that the leaders can influence followers to accomplish more than what is needed for the good of the company. The leaders influence followers by their values, goals, emotions, ethics and standards. Unlike transactional leadership which promises rewards to achieve desired performance, transformational leadership motivates and inspires followers to solve any

Also, when the leader is less experienced then employee, coaching style would not help due to the fact that such leader won’t be able to teach the employee something new. Managers are unfamiliar with such style especially when they need to provide regular feedback to the employee to motivate subordinate. Coaching style not quite popular in companies, though some organizations already have understood its viability to the success and try to stimulate managers to improve talents of their subordinates [2]. 4 QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF LEADERSHIPS Let’s see how observed leadership styles affecting the team. Full Range Leadership model discussed in [6], and 6 Types of Leadership in [2].

Journal of Educational Administration, 35(3), 105-209. Elmore, R. (2000). Building a new structure for school leadership. Washington, DC:

Transactional leaders have formal authority and positions of responsibility in the organization. They maintain routine by managing individual performance, facilitating group performance, set criteria for workers according to previously defined requirements (Spahr). They work best with employees who know who to do their jobs and are motivated by the reward-penalty system (Spahr). Transactional leaders also provide rewards based upon effort and recognize good performance

These were laissez-faire; transactional; and transformational leadership styles. The dependent factor was represented by the degree to which the organization has achieved its business objectives in the previous financial year. To discover the leadership styles that influence organizational performance, correlation analysis was employed. Correlations between the transformational-leadership factors and organizational performance ratings were high (0.518 to 0.696, P < .05), whereas correlations between the transactional-leadership behaviours and organizational performance were relatively low

There are a plethora of leadership theories in existence, but there has yet to be one specific theory that can guarantee success in any organization, in any situation. However, in the last few decades, scholars have taken a particular interest in the theory of transformational leadership for several reasons. The idea of transformational leadership was first introduced in a book titled Leadership, written by James MacGregor Burns in 1978 (Worth, 2014, p.106). Burns describes transformational leadership as a contrast to transactional leadership, which illustrates a relationship between leader and follower that revolves around transactions of rewards and punishments (Worth, 2014, p.106).

LEADERSHIP Ogbeidi (2012) found that leadership is referred as “ability to lead, direct and organize a group”. The study of leadership has developed scientifically through changing paradigms during its history where several models and theories have tried to explain the concept of leadership. Kuchler (2008) acknowledges that although subject of leadership is diverse and somewhat scattered but it tends to be one of the most widely discussed topics by the researchers all over the world. We found myriad definitions of leadership after studying detailed literature on it. The concept of leadership is described by different researchers with different perspectives.

Bass and Avolio (1993) pointed out that leadership style is based on behavior areas from laissez-fair (no leadership) to participative (take inputs from subordinate but ultimate decision making with the leader) through transactional leadership (which depends on reward system and punishments) to transformational leadership (which is based on inspiration and behavioral charisma) and ultimately Autocratic leadership (absolute power on decision making). The researcher selected above approach since it has been developed recently and efficiently demonstrated through research findings. The various components are further elaborated below; 1. Laissez-fair Style Laissez-fair leaders are characterized as an avoidant leader who may uninvolved with their subordinates. As per Mondy and Premeaux (1995), these leaders let group members to make all decisions.

1. Back ground Globally, educating a nation remains the most vital strategy for the development of the society throughout the developing world (Aikman & Unterhalter, 2005). The effect of leadership style on academic performance has been widely debated in recent scholarly work. Only a small fraction of available studies on school leadership deal with its effects on academic performance.

The mean scores and standard deviation for each the leadership styles were derived. Further, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc test was carried out to test the association between the leadership style scores and the respondents’ decision making