Author Ipke Wachsmuth is a professor of Artificial Intelligence at Bielefeld University, he has also published articles regarding philosophical issues of artificial intelligence and robotics. This journal was published by the Frontiers Research Foundation.
Underwood, S. (2017). Potential and Peril: The outlook for artificial intelligence-based autonomous weapons. Communications Of The ACM, 60(6), 17-19. doi:10.1145/3077231 The news article discusses the debates regarding the development and use of lethal autonomous weapon systems. It expresses the views of roboticist Ronald Arkin, who argues that a better understanding of autonomy and artificial intelligence in robots could lead to less casualties and damage to property on the battlefield.
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It begins by stating that there is no clear definition for what ethical behavior is, since this is a subjective matter. The notions of right and wrong are different for each person, thus developing an ethical system for a robot is complex. Some argue that a robot should be programmed to follow deontological ethics, that is, duty-based behavior to fulfill a task. Others say that it should follow consequential ethics, and weigh the outcomes of their actions before taking them. What follows is the possible formation of a new type of ethical code, that may be deemed robotism. The critique of the work arises from the original book not making a strong case for convincing the readers thinking further into the ethical dilemmas. The review mentions examples of a broader perspective of the ethical issues that may arise if robots become conscious beings. Seeing that this article analyzes the shortcomings of a previous work in defining the behavior and issues of autonomous robots, and suggests new perspectives, it strives to further the ideas of creating specific codes of conduct for these machines. This is tied to my topic due to the overall goal of the work, in debating and trying to find how much autonomy should be given to a robot.
Author Harold Thimbleby is a professor of computer science at Swansea University, Wales. He is known for working on user interface design in the realm of human computer interaction. The publisher of this article is Elsevier, which is an information and analytics company and an important provider of scientific, technical, and medical
HCI Principles January 16 2015 This document contains the criteria for P2 and M1 for Assignment 1 – Unit 23. Unit 23 – Assignment 1 Aaron Martin Contents Task 1 (P2) – Discuss the Fundamental Principles of HCI 3 Perception 3 Colour 3 Trichromatic System 3 Luminance 4 Pop Out Effect 4 Pattern 5 Proximity 5 Continuity 5 Symmetry 5 Similarity 5 Common grouping 5 Connectedness 5 Objects 5 Geon’s 5 Use of Gross 3D Shapes 5 Information Processing 5 Humans as a Component 5 Overview of Human Information Processing (HIP) 5 Overview of Goals, Operators, Methods and Selection (GOMS) 5 Specialist 5 Design for Specialist Uses 6 Input or Output for the Visually 6 Orally 6 Aurally or Physically 6 Challenged 6 Remote Control Devices 6 Head Up Displays 6 Behaviour Models 6 Predictive models 6 Reaction time, 6 Keystroke Level Model (KLM) 6 Throughput (TP) 6 Fitts’ Law 6 Task 2 (M1) – Explain How an HCI can be adjusted for a User with Special Needs 7 Voice Recognition 7 Text-To-Speech 7 Task 1 (P2) – Discuss the Fundamental Principles of HCI Perception Perception, this is what allows the specified user to see and feel when interacting with a HCI; it is very important that the user can do these things so they get a complete understanding of what they are using. This is when various different patterns and colours are used as well as objects; all of these allow the user to interact personally with the interface. Colour It is very important that when designing an interface that you
Bonnie Docherty does not support the idea of using robot for warfares due to moral issues. She states :”It would undermine human dignity to be killed by a machine that can’t understand the value of human life.”. She also convokes the ban on the use of robots in war “before humanity crosses what she calls a moral threshold.”. She emphasizes how these machines will completely change the way of war like what gunpowder and nuclear have done. Thus, she worries about what these machines are capable of doing and who will take the responsible for war
In the essay "At Risk" by Jourdan Imani Keith, I can see many things in it. It is really interesting when you can see about “At Risk” in her essay. It appears in every part of the essay. In a first paragraph, the writer wrote about a really dangerous time “the heaviest storms”, we still have some people are working like in the essay. “For seventeen days, the teenagers I recruited to build trails for the North Cascades National Parkare camping during one of the heaviest storms in a hundred years.”
The book consists of multiple short stories that center around robots and their interactions with humans. In this particular world, robots are a very recent invention, and humans are still getting used to their existence. The fear of the unknown in this case is the fear of what robots might be able to do and how their further impact on humanity in the future. The stories of Asimov present different aspects of this fear, for instance the fear of robots taking over human jobs, the fear of robots being dysfunctional and causing harm to humans, and also the fear of robots taking over humans, as their intelligence exceeds humans’.
As society continues to develop and makes new plans, technology in today’s world is starting to raise some questions. Patrick Lin, is a philosopher and director of the ethics emerging group at the state University in California. With the help of the university Patrick Lin wrote an essay called The Big Question: in his essay, he talks about the technologies and ideas in which many people seem to overlook today. In hopes of raising awareness about the upcoming industrial revolution of robotics. the changing of the world around us is already underway.
Douglas employs notable examples to support his claims and rightfully proves why AI is not as risky as seen by the public. David Parnas’ “The Real Risks of Artificial Intelligence” focuses on the unseen negative aspects of Artificial Intelligence. He argues that AI programs can be untrustworthy and even in some cases, destructive due to the programming approach that programmers take. While Parnas is negative about the concept of Artificial Intelligence, Eldridge see Artificial Intelligence in a brighter light. Both authors present their arguments differently in terms of tone, level of diction, examples and organization.
The author's purpose in writing “Robot Invasion” was to represent the effectiveness and relevance of robots in today’s society. The author is able to persuade the reader that robots are beneficial to society by stating statements such as “the robots will be able to unleash a productive boom”. This statement from the author really exemplifies the positive impact that robots have on our everyday lives by making our everyday tasks easier and having robots be the productive
Machines have slowly but surely taken over our lives own piece at a time. “They record our shows, cook our food, play our music, and even run our cars (theguardian.com).” Yes, they’ve been in our lives in a small way but when it becomes significant and costly, who is is given the opportunity of owning a robot? This is a real question of ethics and who gets the chance.
In the New York Times Magazine, "Death by Robot," Robin Henig addresses about how robots contributed remarkably to society and became a part of human 's life, but when it came to choosing between two contradictory choices of life and death, even with superior data and calculations, a robot would not be able to replace a human 's
At the same time, robots can help families with their home chores such as when using it for vacuuming carpets. Moreover, robotics is one of the main reasons for the advancements of wireless connectivity, computational horsepower, artificial intelligence, sensors and power efficiency (Dyer, 2014, para. 5). In fact, without all of these advancements, our lives would be a lot harder than now. For example, imagine that there is no wireless connectivity where you live; you would need to consume a lot of time or maybe a couple of hours to send a simple message, while nowadays you can do that with a press of a button. Furthermore, without artificial intelligence, which depends on robotics, our lives would be very different , as it is used everywhere such in factories, hospitals, transportation and even games and toys like the robotic dog which is called
Isaac Asimov’s Reason, shows us how the field of robotics is still a working-progress, Philip K. Dick’s Second Variety introduces the idea of superior, conscious machines who were created by advanced technology, and Kenneth Chang’s “Can Robots Become Conscious?” shares different views on the advancement of machines and robots. I believe machines and robots are not glorified adding-up machines and I think it is possible that they will become capable of original thought the more we advance in the field of robotics. Similar to the iPhone updates, new technology and new studies could lead to intelligent, conscious machines. Technology has come a long way, with the introduction of the Siri of the iPhone, Window 10 2-in-1 computers, flying military drones, and many more.
Next arises the question if there is free will, why is there natural evil? The most suitable solution to this question is as consequences of humans moral evil there is natural evil and suffering. Without freewill we would not be morally responsible or capable or loving or God. A robot made to love is not worth much compared to a living being who chooses to love!
In today’s world, many people tend to have a set of ethical principles which is one of the guidelines for them to follow on. The question is how he or she defines ethics? To answer, Ethics is best defined as knowing what is right or wrong in the action based on the moral principles. Moreover, it is also known as the branch of knowledge that deals with ethical issues. In relation, there are some ethical theories which deal with the ethical issues.
Allowing robotics to gain new technology might result in the threat to human existence. Also, as DNA technology develops, there will be more opportunities to receive new treatments, but it will lead to the concern that personal DNA data will be exposed. The reason why these ethical problems occur is that regulations and laws cannot keep up with the technology since it takes some time to enact them. Despite the bright side of emerging technology, there are always ethical problems, and still engage a lot of
Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Ethics: Literature Review The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, authored by Nick Bostrom and Eliezer Yudkowsky, as a draft for the Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, introduces five (5) topics of discussion in the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ethics, including, short term AI ethical issues, AI safety challenges, moral status of AI, how to conduct ethical assessment of AI, and super-intelligent Artificial Intelligence issues or, what happens when AI becomes much more intelligent than humans, but without ethical constraints? This topic of ethics and morality within AI is of particular interest for me as I will be working with machine learning, mathematical modeling, and computer simulations for my upcoming summer internship at the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) in Norco, California. After I complete my Master Degree in 2020 at Northeastern University, I will become a full time research engineer working at this navy laboratory. At the suggestion of my NSWC mentor, I have opted to concentrate my master’s degree in Computer Vision, Machine Learning, and Algorithm Development, technologies which are all strongly associated with AI. Nick Bostrom, one of the authors on this article, is Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy at Oxford University and the Director at the Future of Humanity Institute within the Oxford Martin School.