Prisoner's Rights In Criminal Justice

Their bonds were set at amounts that were 54 percent lower than what men were required to pay. • Women were 58 percent less likely to be sentenced to prison. • For defendants who were sentenced to prison, there generally was no gender disparity in the length of the sentence. There were disparities in sentencing for some individual types of crime, however. For example, female defendants convicted of theft received longer prison sentences than male defendants convicted of theft.

One of the first Supreme Court Cases that have happened to obtained Women’s Rights was in 1971. In 1971, there was a Supreme Court Cases called Phillips V. Martin Marietta Corporation. In of this court case Phillips tried to apply for a job of being of a preschool teacher and was denied. Phillips wasn’t the only one who applied and didn’t receive the job, since 80% of the applicants were denied because the were all women. So, once has just Phillips found out that she was denied from a job, just by her gender she took it the authorities to show them what Martin Marietta Corp. was doing.

On July 9th, 1868 the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted in order to secure the previously infringed on rights of formerly enslaved African Americans. This racially charged amendment was intended to guarantee the protection for these former slaves, yet this amendment was distorted in order to justify and deny rights for women, gay couples, men, and various other minority groups. Through examining specific cases such as, Muller v. Oregon and Bradwell v. Illinois, it becomes evident that this amendment has been used both positively and negatively to effect women’s rights and protection under the law. Especially in regarding the 19th century, the Fourteenth Amendment was used to rationalize sexist actions by employers, states, and other officials.

Rights is the power or privilege granted to people either by an argument among themselves or by law. Major events that occurred throughout history enabled Americans to obtain wanted rights and freedoms and set up a baseline for the formation of the United States. These gained freedoms and rights promoted life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness for Americans. Events such as the American Revolution, the creation of the Bill of Rights, the Age of Expansionism, and the Civil War enabled a positive change in rights and freedoms for Americans. Rights were positively changed during the American Revolution the spread of ideas and the solidification of rights and freedom from Britain by the Declaration of Independence.

Motherjones. Com says that In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, prison labor was largely regulated or prohibited, due in part to efforts by labor unions to prevent competition with low-paid inmates. However, while the trend was reversed again in the 1970s, the consolation remains that the wages and also the working conditions of the inmates are now much better. Regarding gender equality, while it is a fact that the women presently comprise almost half of the total unionised workforce in the United States, but it is also seen that the participation and representation of women in the initial years of labor movements was almost negligible.

Feminist criminology has been around since the late 1960's and started out centered on speculations brought upon traditional theories of crime. Most traditional theories didn't necessarily ignore women in the criminal justice system yet they generalized crime and what causes a person to turn to crime so that women who commit crimes are overlooked by the generalization. Not only are the numbers skewed when you look at gender in criminal justice offenders but there is also a certain bias in the criminal justice systems workers. In the movie Vera Drake there is a clear example of this when the investigator and the officer come into the movie. While watching you can easily assume that the female officer is treated and thought of much differently

Web. 24 Oct. 2016. With the clear gender roles in place it was hard for females to get jobs, espilacy well paying jobs were they weren’t constantly put down. It was even worse for females of color as discrimination ran rampant during the progressive era, with lynchings, police brutality, mobs, and other dangers out in the world females of color were degraded for not only being women but for being of a different ethnicity. “Comparison, black women only narrowed that gap by 9 cents, from earning 56 cents for every dollar earned by a white man in 1980 to 65 cents today.”

The women of this movement were fighting for something they believed they deserve. Because of the Seneca Falls Convention and the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolution, women were able to express their own opinions. The women’s rights movement led to many different events, impacted other countries, and created a new amendment. The feminist efforts in the mid 1800s were successful enough to allow women to take on occupations and educations they weren’t able to obtain

Women of color are the most targeted, prosecuted, and imprisoned women in the country and rapidly increasing their population within the prison systems. According to Nicholas Freudenberg, 11 out of every 1000 women will end up incarcerated in their lifetime, the average age being 35, while only five of them are white, 15 are Latinas, and 36 are black. These two groups alone make up 70 percent of women in prison, an astonishing rate compared to the low percentage comprise of within the entire female population in the country (1895). Most of their offenses are non-violent, but drug related, and often these women come from oppressive and violent backgrounds, where many of their struggles occurred directly within the home and from their own family.

The creation of the declaration of independence gave unalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. At first with the passing of the declaration of independence human rights was unfortunately still not extended to all men, only white men, and not to women. Human rights did not change much through 1776 and 1790. However these rights created by the declaration would lead to the mass change of rights to women and slaves in the 18th century. The evolution and spread of human rights to women and slaves was a positive thing as it made them pertain to all humans now as it should.

Angela Davis demonstrates the ongoing violent abuse as she quotes a report on sexual maltreatment in women’s prisons, “We found that male correctional employees have vaginally, anally, and orally raped female prisoners and sexually assaulted and abused them” (Davis 78). However disturbing this blunt sexual contact that male officers take with the vulnerable prisoners may be, the officers adopt even more severe tactics to harass and abuse the women as they often utilize “mandatory pat-frisks or room searches to grope women 's breasts, buttocks, and vaginal areas...” (Davis 79). To add insult to injury, women are virtually incapable of escaping from their abuser(s). Prison employees upkeep their inappropriate behavior as it is believed they will “rarely be held accountable, administratively or criminally” (Davis 78).

There are many indicators of the huge impact in disparities in sentencing women as compared to men and more so when it revolves around minorities ( race and class). Though there are lower crime rates among women as compared to men, there are significant disparities which tend to show favouritism to women. Research has shown that men get 63 per cent longer custodial sentences than women. In addition, it is twice more likely to have women get non custodial sentences even after conviction. However, as mentioned the disparities are more profound when issues of race and class are intertwined in the sentencing.

Both the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens” and “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” discuss the roles and natural rights that should be upheld in society. However, the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens” only covers those roles and rights pertaining to men and other citizens, which at this time in history did not include women. On the other hand, “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” covers the roles and rights of both men and women and discusses ways that society could improve to create equal rights for everyone. The differences in these two texts are evident in the language and length of each text. The “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens” is only three pages long compared to the fourteen page, “A

We all know that women didn 't have as many rights as men, and they still don 't. Women can now do more than they used to, but they still aren 't equal with men. They have had to fight for so many things like the right to vote and to be equal to men. The 19th amendment, the one that gave women the right to vote, brought us a big step closer. The Equal Rights Movement also gave us the chance to have as many rights as men. Women have always stayed home, cleaned the house, and didn 't even get an education.

Women face getting treated differently, lower paying positions, the opinions of men, and the idea that because they are women they are not capable of the same kind of work men are capable of. The more people that support the different movements for women’s rights the better chance of this issue becoming more well known. Although some may know the struggle women go through to be compared as equally to men, there is still room for more to learn about this issue. Just because women were brought on earth to make more lives does not mean they are weaker and should have to go through this everyday of their