Project 2: The History Of Trigonometry

Salem Alsari Mat 301 Dec,2017 Mathematics Through The Eyes of Faith The main aim of James Bradley and Russell Howell’s book is basically to address the unfamiliar relationship between mathematics as a major in the field of science and Christian/religious beliefs. Mathematics Through The Eyes of Faith consists of eleven chapters with each one representing an important common subject of the connection between math and faith. For example: infinity, dimensionality, chance. Moreover, each chapter ends with a list of substitute exercises for the student. Some of them are good old fashioned, logical mathematical exercises that would interest even the most advanced students of mathematics.

The Ancient Greeks laid foundations for the Western civilizations in the fields of math and science. Euclid, a Greek mathematician known as the “Father of Geometry,” is arguably the most prominent mind of the Greco-Roman time, best known for his composition in the area of geometry, the Elements. (Document 5) To this day, Euclid’s work is still taught in schools worldwide.

Trigonometry was used by ballistic experts to study the JFK assassination. Trigonometry was used to calculate the trajectory of the bullet shot by Lee Harvey Oswald’s high-powered rifle. Through the study of triangles forensics was able to determine the distance between the bullet shot from the Texas School Book Depository to JFK’s motorcade. Trigonometry also allowed for ballistic experts to calculate the angle in which the angle descended and the velocity of the ammunition. According to www.intuition .com

He found the first “reliable figure” for π(pi) (Source A). In ancient Greece, the crude number system was very inefficient, and Archimedes made it easier to understand and count to higher numbers (Source B). Finally, he used the first known form of calculus while studying curved surfaces under Euclid, not to be later worked on for 2,000 years by Isaac Newton (Source A).

The understanding of mathematics also led them to advancements in astronomy and mapmaking. Document 5 states, “They used astrolabe (figure A) and the armillary sphere (Figure B) to study the skies and make calculations for their calendars and maps.” The two advancements mentioned in the evidence are both still

As time went from the 16th century to the 18th century, the Renaissance thinking transformed to the Scientific Revolution. Soon, it would enable a worldview in which people were not invoking the principles of religion as often as the Renaissance. As an example, these natural philosophers, known as scientists today, developed a new thinking in which the world was no longer geocentric. The thought of an Earth-centered universe as the Bible would say, transformed as heliocentric or in other words Sun-centered. Within this period, Scientists were starting to understand the world’s functions, for they created experiment methods incorporating discipline, mathematics, and the essential Scientist communication.

In addition, Ulugh Beg built an observatory in Samarkand and gathered data that was later translated into Latin and shared with European astronomers. Al-Kashi a mathematician under Beg, created decimal notation in which when quantities less than one were able to be represented. Some more advancements in the field of

Khwarizmi and other mathematician’s established major advances in math and astronomy which proved to help generations to come after their deaths, the achievements made by these scholars proved to be huge and a history changing element used to this day in the modern era of math and astronomy. In conclusion, the huge impacts the achievements made in math and medicine helped shape the history of both subjects, providing a foundation to build upon through centuries later by rising scholars in the era’s to come. Muslim’s rebuilt the scholarship era, building the cultural center in Spain proved to be an incredible achievement itself as the center established a foundation for education and important figures in the subjects of math, astronomy, science, and religion. There is no doubt these 3 achievements produced by Muslims shaped the foundation of education and the subjects under schooling; the achievements impacted the world in a way which had not been seen yet and influenced other cultures to push for similar influences in their

Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, radical and controversial ideas were created in what would become a time period of great advances. Some of those controversial ideas were made by Sir Isaac Newtown. He was able to lay out, in his book the principia, foundation for the creation of modern calculus. His radical ideas affected everything that had been established and proven through religious views. Sir Isaac Newtown book was able to form a foundation for open thinking and observing throughout the sixteenth century and through twenty-first

“Relying mostly on mathematics and observation, he (Nicolaus Copernicus) developed a different understanding of the universe.” Unlike previous centuries where myths and religions were widely accepted in science, the Renaissance brought about a new way to look at the world through factual

In about one hundred years thanks to the invention of the printing press, humanity grew in knowledge so that the entire world as we know today, was practically achieved by then. In document 10, The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton by Derek T. Whiteside, …” He read and made notes on Galileo’s Dialoges… and Descartes’ Principles of Philosophy….As we turn the pages of his notebooks we can see his mind leap from summaries of his readings to his own principles and results... He began to think of gravity as a force extending as far as the moon...in those two years, a mathematician was born.

Cadaver dissections began being performed, which lead to advanced knowledge of the human anatomy. During this time, it was discovered that the Earth revolved around the sun, not the opposite. Mathematics was studied and furthered to help in architectural buildings. The scientific method was also furthered during this period by performing controlled experiments, forming hypotheses, and interpreting data. The microscope and telescope were invented during the Renaissance as well.

This form of math was created by Al-Khwarizmi, he studied Indian sources and later wrote a textbook about this type of math (Document 4). Muslim scholars also made many advances in trigonometry, astronomy and mapmaking. They developed ways to study astronomy and to create maps, by using trigonometry and other forms of math (Document 5). There was also great advances in science, science was used in many different parts of Islamic culture, such as religion were "The faithful... relied on" "astronomers to calculate the times of prayer and the direction on Mecca" (Document 1). Scholars also used astrolabes and armillary sphere 's in order to study the skies, so that they could "make calculations for their calendars and maps" (Document 5).

From solving complex scientific problems to powering the technology that drives our modern world, mathematics remains a vital and vibrant discipline that continues to evolve and advance. The history of mathematics is a testament to the power of human curiosity, creativity, and the pursuit of knowledge, and serves as an inspiration to future generations of mathematicians and scientists. In reflecting on the history of mathematics, it is important to remember the contributions of the countless mathematicians and scholars who have dedicated their lives to advancing our understanding of the world and our place within it. Whether working on solving complex problems, exploring the abstract structures of mathematical objects, or discovering new and innovative ways to apply mathematical concepts to real-world challenges, these mathematicians and scholars have made, and continue to make, an enormous impact on our world and our

Others recognized patterns in the ways the objects moved. Thus, astronomy was born. Around 600 B.C. it was accepted that the Earth was not a flat object through the insight of Greek philosophers from looking at the round shadow that the Earth cast on the Moon during lunar eclipses and how the stars seemed to move as one approaches the North Pole. (Larsen, 37). Eudoxus was philosopher known for the idea of a geocentric