Pyelonephritis Research Paper

Discussion Post Week ten NURS 6501, N-21 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are usually caused by bacteria and are common. Symptoms of both upper and lower infections are similar; therefore, it is important for advanced practice nurses (APNs) to be able to determine the pathophysiology of upper and lower UTIs. The purpose of this discussion is to evaluate the similarities and differences between upper and lower UTIs, clinical manifestations, treatments, and factors affecting all of these things. UTIs are infections that may occur anywhere in the urinary tract such as the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. Typically UTIs are caused by bacteria from the gut flora and are inflammation of the urinary epithelium.

Human body and its health problems had been unknown for centuries until the evolution of the medical field in the late 1800s which lead to a rise in the average life expectancy from thirty six to a sweeping seventy eight. Then specialists started to identify the structure and the function of each organ. That’s when they found how important some organs as well as the human body cannot work properly without it. The kidney is one of those organs due to how fundamental it can

During my clinical preceptorship at New York Presbyterian Hospital, many patients that came into the hospital with urinary retention a catheter was inserted to determine the amount of urine in their bladder or post-void residual (PVR). Many patients later developed pain and a urinary tract infection or Community Acquired Infection secondary to frequent cauterization. Therefore, the gap identified was related to a knowledge deficit of the current practice that inserting a

Sepsis is the leading cause of shock and circulatory collapse, which can ultimately lead to death. (Conrad, 2015) Symptoms for sepsis include a temperature, a rapid heartbeat, fast breathing, dizziness, confusion or disorientation, and a reduced urine flow. (Healthdirect.gov.au, 2015) The spread of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to the heart can lead to an infection of the heart valves, known as endocarditis, which results in heart failure.

The next system I dissected was the respiratory system. My first task was to find the trachea as well as the esophagus. My goal was to compare the structure of each. I found the trachea to be wider, stronger, and it had a bumpy surface. The structure of the esophagus is small, but versatile which allows it to move easily.

1. Case Summary A thirty-five-year-old married man with four children is suffering from the end-stage of kidney failure. All do to suffering years with chronic renal inadequacy and kidney disease.

I write on behalf of my patient, Phil Robins, who is a sixty-five-year-old male facing acute urinary retention. Phil Robins shows several medical symptoms, including an inability to urinate, severe pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen, and bloating of the lower abdomen. My patient has been previously diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia which has been obstructing his urinary tract. Because of this, he frequently has to use a catheter to empty his bladder. My main concern for Mr. Robins is the prevention of infections commonly associated with catheter use.

Cystitis affects the bladder while pyelonephritis the bacterium travels and affects the kidneys. Pyelonephritis affects either one or the two kidneys and its symptoms are high body temperatures, vomiting, back and groin pain, nausea and the patients urinate regularly accompanied with excruciating pain (The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney disease 2012). The symptoms presented in Cystitis are a persistent urge to urinate, pain in the lower abdomen, a burning sensation when urinating, the presence of blood in the urine and cloudy

Dialysis basically acts as an artificial kidney by filtering the blood of the patients on it. Dialysis can be both a good and a bad thing. The good in it is works just like a kidney would for a temporary fix, the bad is that sessions last three hours, several times a week. Dialysis is very harsh on the patient’s bodies, especially the ones that become dependent on it. It basically drains their bodies and causes them to become very weak and most of them aren’t able to work anymore.

25 medical words pertaining to the blood, lymphatic and cardiovascular system. 1. Hypercalcemia is a condition where the blood contains too much calcium. 2. Myoglobin is a type of protein that transport oxygen to the muscle.

Kidney stones have been found throughout history. Scientists found evidence of kidney stones in a 7,000-year-old Egyptian mummy. Kidney stones can also be called renal stones, renal calculi, or by the medical names nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis. Kidney stones (calculi) are solid or semi-solid mineral-like substances occurring in the urinary tract. The urinary tract consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

The bacteria, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, is gram- negative. This means it is does not have a violet stain. It is also considered a bacillus bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be strictly found in aerosols, this means it is compressed in pressure and released into a fine spray. Research has been made and found that this bacterium harms a lot of plants, animals, but mainly humans in such case.

The ureters run through the common wall that separates the vagina from the bladder and therefore, the surgeon should be ready to deal with the fact that the ureters may be right in the plane of separation. Once the vagina has been separated, the size of the mobilized vaginas should be measured and the length needed to bring the vagina down. It

4. Revocation happens. To maintains continence, and must have the bladder pressure less than the pressure inside the urethra. Acute urinary retention (AUR) is not sudden and complete ability to void despite the presence in urine bladder and desire (the sense of desire) to urinate. In acute care facilities,AUR is seen in patients after surgery is referred to as urinary retention

Most of the renin enters the renal blood and then passes out of the kidneys to circulate throughout the entire body . 