Routine Activity Theory

This specifically highlights a difficulty associated with defining crime such as smaller incidents like stealing stationary which is not serious enough to be objected to by the courts. However the Oxford dictionary definition of crime is stated as an “Evil Act or an Injurious act” therefore this definition is of a different perceptive and understanding to what crime is as an evil act such as taking a person’s belongings, for example taking their credit card could be seen as an evil act but without the law knowing would this be seen as a crime to the sage Dictionary of Criminology’s definition of

Routine activity theory presents a systematic approach to comprehending the dynamics of criminal behaviour. According to this theory, three key elements must align for a crime to take place: a motivated offender, a suitable target,

This theory is based on three elements of why the crime occurs: “a motivated offender, suitable target, and lack of guardians” (Burkey, T., 2015). A motived offender is an offender that is committed and capable of committing the crime (Burkey, T., 2015) A suitable target “can be an object or person”, the offender may pick someone or something that is vulnerable and has some kind of award/ benefit towards the offender (Burkey, T., 2015). For example, a robber’s suitable target would be someone who has looks to be rich by what a person is wearing and that is probably coming out a bank because that would give the robber a hint that the person just took out money. Lack of capable of guardians is not having an adult who could stop the offender from committing the crime which can also go to suitable target because this can show vulnerability (Tewksbury, R.,

Most people need to have a chance of privilege to be introduce them to something that would change their life. Knowing someone or having a friend can create an opportunity to better a circumstance is luck and Michael was definitely one of the luckier ones. “ I never called it physics I always called it The PHY because abbreviations and nicknames make everything sound cooler. My interest in physics was immediate. The first thing we talked about was Supreme Scream at Six Flags.

Offender profiling is used by focusing on all the aspects of the crime. They investigate the nature of the crime, the scene and how the crime was committed. The goal of this type of profiling is to provide investigators with an idea of the personality of the suspect. This method of profiling has in part been effective. By suing this type of profiling methods, investigators were able to arrest the responsible for the individual that terrorized New York from 1940 to 1956, The Mad Bomber.

These factors are all extremely important concerning these specific offenders, yet they still are not taken into account. It is another belief

“Mission offenders” believe they are doing society a favor bylcleaning the homeless off the streets. “Scapegoat offenders” focus their attention toward the power of a specific group in regards to race and ethnicity. Lastly, “Thrill seekers”

This illustrates how one may measure crime and the persuasion or influence it has on the commitment of future crimes. Virtually all offenders have strong incentives to cover up the first offense (Felson & Eckert, 2019, p. 96). By saying this Felson and Eckert are trying to allude to how the crime multiplier is utilized by measuring the probability of future crimes that can occur just from the initial crime that transpired. For example, an illegal drug process might set in motion a chain of at least six or seven illegal acts, which multiples the crimes and sparks implications that put a hindrance or implicate the legal proceedings ( Felson & Eckert, 2019, p. 96). Another way we can look at the crime multiplier is through the lens of Jan van Dijk.

The first theory is persons with repressed criminal behaviour (in the physical

Offender rehabilitation has mainly revolved around the Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) model which serves as a framework in guiding interventions towards offenders in the past. However, with the emergence of Good Lives Model (GLM) as an alternative model, competing views as to which works better start to arise. In order to discuss which model is better, there is first a need to compare between both approaches towards offender rehabilitation. The principles revolving around RNR model include the risk, needs and responsivity principles.

This is important to note, because that means that people just commit crimes because they can. Criminal activity provides people with a rush and it is fun. It is also an easy way to get the instant

Where external and internal factors play a part and they are fated to be a criminal. The scientific grounds are offenders and people who have not yet offended can be given help, and they can be diagnosed by experts and receive treatment needed to not offend (Cavadino, 2007

Third, I will explore Farrell 's critique of Hayward 's article and consider his arguments made in response to Hayward 's conclusions. Fourth, this paper will engage in its own critique of both Hayward 's and Farrell 's work and conclude with which article makes the most compelling argument. Tenets of Rational Choice Theory and Situational Crime Prevention Rational choice theory originated in the Classical School of thinking as it is based on the ideas of utilitarianism, which states that individuals make decisions that provide the greatest pleasure, as well as the ideas of free will and rational thought (Farrell and Hodgkinson, 2015). According to Farrell and

The opportunity theory suggests that offenders choose to commit crimes based on the opportunity that is presented to them to achieve their crime. For instance, if an individual is willing or ready to engage in crime and the situation proves to be favorable (environment) to the offender this opportunity in turn creates motive for the offender to execute a crime. This theory also argues that all crimes require opportunity but not every opportunity is followed by crime. The perspectives of this theory can also be used to build off of Merton’s strain theory.

This essay will discuss crime as both a social problem and a sociological problem. Crime is seen as a typical function of society. Crime doesn’t happen without society. It is created and determined by the surrounding society. According to the CSO, the number of dangerous and negligent acts committed between the years of 2008 and 2012 rose from 238’000 in 2008 to 257’000 in 2012.