Witchcraft, Religion, and the Enlightenment Richard Godbeer’s Escaping Salem chronicles the 1692 Stamford Witch Trials. The New England town of Stamford, Connecticut struggles with the case of Katherine Branch. Kate, a servant to the high class Wescot family, is seized by fits, and claims to be a victim of witchcraft. The trial is turbulent, raising questions about religion and government in New England. Escaping Salem illustrates how the Enlightenment influenced Puritan culture in seventeenth century New England. Puritanism has roots back to the 1517 Protestant Revolution in Germany, when Martin Luther began rejected some of the ideas of the Catholic Church in his Ninety Five Theses. He believed that the Catholic Church had become too corrupt to properly fulfill its duties and that the only way to God was through personal faith and the the word of the Bible. In the early sixteenth century, Puritanism finds its way to England and is adopted by Henry VII as he established the Church of England. However, Puritanism doesn’t stay in favor with the monarchy for long, and many English Puritans flee to the colonies to escape religious persecution by King Charles …show more content…
The Wescots believed that Kate was an easy target, because, as a poor orphan, she secretly desired the “fine things” (20) that Satan would offer her. Because of beliefs about spiritual inferiority, women were suspected and accused of witchcraft more so than men. Women were more likely to be accused if they had a history of refusing to submit to authority. Mercy Disborough and Elizabeth Clawson had both quarreled with the Wescots, giving them a motive for bewitching Kate. The idea of a woman possessing that kind of power was intimidating because it put a woman in a position of authority, deviating from the expectations of the gender roles of the
Richard Godbeer presented an excellent picture on how puritan life was structured, how it functioned, and how they perceived the super natural in this novel. Reading "Escaping Salem," I was thrown several different scenarios displaying how witchcraft was addressed in early puritan society and how they reacted towards it. The supposedly bewitching of Katherine Branch showed the reader how the people of Stamford and the court system handled the act of witchcraft. After reading this novel, I can say that I do believe the accused in the Stamford witchcraft trial received a fair trial.
With In the Devil's Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692, Mary Beth Norton becomes another participant in the search for the rationale behind what remains perhaps the most irrational collective failure of discretion that America has ever seen. The Salem Witch Trials were a series of hearings held in Massachusetts. As Norton writes, the unrest began in February 1692, when two young girls in Salem Village had sudden, severe fits of hysteria which doctors could not explain with any earthly diagnosis. As more young girls in the village began to experience similar quasi-epileptic fits, the girls and their relatives began to accuse others in the village of bringing about the fits through "witchcraft." The ensuing sequence of events was
The witch panic started in Salem, Massachusetts hanged 19 people and inspired a wide-swept fear of the Devil and witchcraft that lasted for over a year. Historians have discussed why this panic occurred for years, producing a slew of opinions on what caused one small community to erupt into such fear. Two such historians, Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, attempted to understand the 1692 Salem witch trials by analyzing Salem Village’s social and economic tensions dividing the community in the book Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft. Yet the two historians ignore the largest group of participants in the witch trials: women. When looking at the documents recording the events of 1692, however, a historian cannot escape the importance of the young girls who were first afflicted and started the accusations.
Salem is a Puritan community, and its occupants live in an extremely strict society. Although the Puritans left England to avoid religious commitment, they established a society in a America founded upon religious discrimination(Critical Essays Historical Period: Puritans in Salem, 2016). Government and religious authority are virtually inseparable, and the individuals who question the local authority are accused of questioning divine authority. The Puritan community considers physical labor and strict discipline to be a religious doctrine which is the best indicators of faithfulness, honesty, and integrity.
The Salem Witch Trials caused absolute pandemonium within the city of Salem, Massachusetts. Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, tells a tale of a young woman who faces many difficulties in her life that result in her becoming the person she is. Abigail, the main character in The Crucible, is a vindictive individual who always wants her way, no matter whom she hurts. Throughout the play her accusations, manipulations, and affair with John Proctor leads her to become the absolute cause of the catastrophe in her community.
This newly evolved society was cause by the “Religious movement known as ‘Puritanism,’ which arose in England late in the sixteenth century” (Foner 64). Puritans did not refer to themselves as puritans but instead “‘godly’ or ‘true protestants’” (Foner 64). They started this movement because they felt that the protestant reformation was not doing enough and were simply not satisfied. It is commonly believed that Puritanism was “An important thread in the development of American civilization” (Int 25).
Escape of the Puritans The Puritans were a religious group during the late 16th and 17th century who didn’t agree with how the Church of England was changing. The Puritans thought that the Church of England had begun to change drastically. When they left the Church of England they became known as dissenters. The Puritans left England and moved to America in search of a place to practice their religion freely.
The witch trials was fueled by suspicions and resentment of neighbors and the fear of outsiders. An important figure was Samuel Parris, he was the minister of Salem Village. His daughter, nine-year-old Elizabeth Parris, and niece, eleven-year-old Abigail Williams began experiencing violent fits that included contortions and screaming uncontrollably. A “local doctor, William Griggs, diagnosed bewitchment” (www.history.com). “The young girls accused three women - Tituba, a slave; Sarah Good, a beggar; and Sarah Osborne, an elderly woman,” (www.smithsonianmag.com).
The only challenge was how to present the witchcraft evidence to the court. After Mercy Disborough and Elizabeth Clawson were accused of bewitching Kate, men especially Daniel wanted them to be hanged for practicing witchcraft. This brought an argument between men and women to an extent of men accusing women of cursing children, livestock or themselves by witchcraft. The reason behind women being accused of witchcraft was that they had gone against men point of
More than 80% of Americans have Puritan ancestors who emigrated to Colonial America on the Mayflower, and other ships, in the 1630’s (“Puritanism”). Puritanism had an early start due to strong main beliefs that, when challenged, caused major conflict like the Salem Witch Trials. Puritanism had an extremely rocky beginning, starting with a separation from the Roman Catholic Church. Starting in 1606, a group of villagers in Scrooby, England left the church of England and formed a congregation called the Separatist Church, and the members were called The puritans (“Pilgrims”).
Britian Johnson Book Report: Salem Witch Trials The book I am reviewing is titled We The People: Salem Witch Trials, by Michael Burgan. The book was published in 2005 by Compass Point Books. The book consist of 48 pages.
REVIEW OF LITRATURE A.) SUMMARY SOURCE A Although the whole book had information on the Salem witch trials. The introduction, chapter 1 and 2 and the conclusion had information regarding the research needed • Introduction: states what the Salem witch trials where and who they accused.
In the book, The Witches: Salem 1692, the author Stacy Schiff attempts to condense a large volume of research into a cohesive narrative that tries to avoid to much speculation. There is some contention that the book does speculate into the motives of primary accusers that some reviewers have intimated are bordering on fiction. However, the author defends her arguments logically, and her inferences do seem to bridge the gaps effectively. One of the items that causes some confusion, to both the historically curious, and to the researcher is that the author has created a list of dramatis personae in which the historical figures are labeled as a cast of characters which might make the book seem fictional.
Carol Karlsen 's The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England provides a sociological and anthropological examination of the witchcraft trends in early New England. By examining the records, Karlsen has created what she suggests was the clichéd 'witch ' based on income, age, marital status, etc. She argues that women who had inherited or stood to inherit fairly large amounts of property or land were at particular risk, as they "stood in the way of the orderly transmission of property from one generation of males to the next." These women, Karlsen suggests, were targeted largely because they refused to accept "their place" in colonial society.
The first Puritan separatists who arrived in the New England colonies fled to Holland in 1608 in order escape the religious abuse in England. Believing in a pure Christian church with no trace of Catholic worship, Puritans developed a strict religion. “Church attendance was mandatory”, and for those keeping from the God’s work they felt they were