The objective of this experiment was to use an aldol condensation reaction to synthesize 3-nitrochalcone from 3- nitrobenzaldehyde. This was accomplished with a Diels-Alder reaction that utilized 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, acetophenone, ethanol, and sodium hydroxide. The mechanism for the synthesis of 3-nitrochalcone is presented in Figures 1 and 2. The alpha carbon on the acetophenone is deprotonated. This is followed by the attack of the alpha carbon anion on the carbonyl carbon on the 3-nitrobenzaldehyde. Next, the oxygen is protonated from the 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, which is then followed by an elimination reaction where this acts as a leaving group. The product is the trans-alkene present in the product. After the reaction was completed, purification of the product was conducted using semi-microscale recrystallization. …show more content…
The yield of 3-nitrochalcone was 0.786 grams after filtration (percent yield of 62.04%). Multiple peaks were observed in the IR spectrum of 3-nitrochalcone at 1348.14 (N-O bond); 1593.33 (benzene ring); 1658.86 (unsaturated ketone). The carbon-carbon bonds are widely used in the drug industry to manufacture drugs and aldor condensation is used. Figure 1: Synthesis of 3-Nitrochalcone from 3-Nitrobenzaldehyde Source: cnx.org Figure 2: Mechanism Involved in the Synthesis of 3-Nitrochalcone Source: cnx.org
It forms a complex with HBr and extracts it from the aqueous phase into the organic phase where the alkene is. This dehydrates the acid, making it more reactive so that the addition reaction is possible. Rapid stirring is required in order to maximize the surface area
The purpose of this experiment was to learn about the electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions that take place on benzene, and how the presence of substituents in the ring affect the orientation of the incoming electrophile. Using acetanilide, as the starting material, glacial acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid were mixed and stirred to produce p-nitroacetanilide. In a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 3.305 g of acetanilide were allowed to mix with 5.0 mL of glacial acetic acid. This mixture was warmed in a hot plate with constantly stirring at a lukewarm temperature so as to avoid excess heating. If this happens, the mixture boils and it would be necessary to start the experiment all over again.
Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Sura Abedali Wednesday 2:00 PM January 31, 2018 Introduction: Dehydration reactions are important processes to convert alcohols into alkenes. It is a type of elimination reaction that removes an “-OH” group from one carbon molecule and a hydrogen from a neighboring carbon, thus releasing them as a water molecule (H2O) and forming a pi bond between the two carbons1. In this experiment, 2-methylcyclohexanol undergoes dehydration to form three possible products: methylenecylcohexane, 1-methylcyclohexene, and 3-methylcyclohexene in a Hickman still apparatus. Adding 85% Phosphoric Acid to protonates the “-OH” group, turning it into a better leaving group and initiating the dehydration reaction.
Benzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial.
Lab Report 5: Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) Synthesis Name: Divya Mehta Student #: 139006548 Date Conducted: November 19th 2014 Date Submitted: November 26th 2014 Partner’s Name: Kirsten Matthews Lab Section: Wednesday 2:30 L9 IAs Name: Brittany Doerr Procedure: For the procedure, see lab manual (CH110 Lab Manual, Fall 2014) pages 96-98. Wilfrid Laurier University Chemistry Department. Fall 2014. Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) Synthesis.
Kinetic investigation of TiO2 mediated photocatalytic degradation of Para nitrophenol Introduction In the manufacture of dyes, medicines and pesticides, nitrophenols are widely used as chemical intermediates. These are stable, carcinogenic and toxic. Para nitrophenol(PNP) is one of them and the presence of it in the environment is harmful for the living being.
This method is only useful phenols and certain heterocyclic compounds such as pyrroles and indoles. This reaction is conducted in basic solution. Yields are generally low, seldom rising above 50%. Haller-Bauer reaction This reaction is known for the cleavage of ketones with sodium amide.
Results 8. The obtained product was 4-tert-butylbenzyl phenol ether. This leads the unknown compound # 51 to be tert-butyl phenol. 9. Theoretical yield =
CH3 175 83.06% 287-289ºC 4. -OCH3 191 86.03% 275-277ºC 5. 204 78.78% 295ºC Step-3 Synthesis of 2-Methyl benzoxazin -4(3H)-one53 (4) Anthranilic acid (0.1M, 18g) was taken in acetic anhydride and refluxed under anhydrous conditions for 4 hrs. Excess of acetic anhydride was then distilled off under reduced pressure.
The Wittig reaction is valuable reaction. It has unique properties that allows for a carbon=carbon double bond to form from where a C=O double bond used to be located. Creating additional C=C double bonds is valuable due to its use in synthesis. The Wittig reaction will allow the synthesis of Stilbene (E and Z) from a Benzaldehyde (Ketcha, 141).
4) Dehydration reaction between α and β carbons catalyzed by β-hydroxyacyl ACP dehydratase. 5) Reduction of trans-double bond by enoyl-ACP reductase utilizing NADPH as coenzyme. 6) Repetition of the above mentioned steps until palmitoyl-ACP is produced, the final product. This palmitoyl-ACP is then cleaved to palmitate and ACP by palmitoylthioesterase enzyme Regulation Of fatty acid
NAD is used to oxidise this enzyme. The resulting molecule is then connected to the enzyme by a high energy Thioester bond. The molecules inorganic phosphate displaces the bond which forms a high energy asoanhydryl bond which then forms 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate. In step seven, the enzyme Phospho-glycerate Kinase dephosphorylates the above product.
Docking studies of Nitroimidazo-oxazine with Pyridoxine 5'-Phosphate Oxidase M Sathish kumar1 , UCA Jaleel2 CSIR OSDD Research Unit , Bangalore Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be one of the world’s most debilitating and deadly pathogens. PA-824 is a nitroimidazole that has demonstrated bactericidal and sterilizing activity against drug-resistant and non drug-resistant tuberculosis. PA-824 is activated by either a bacterial enzyme or a cofactor, which is a compound that binds to a protein.
The different types of nitrate precursors was used to preparation of the catalyst and they are dried at 120°C for 12 hr in an oven and then calcination at 300oC for 2hr in a furnace. The calcination of the precursors is done just before the activity measurement of the catalyst. The calcination of different nitrate precursors was carried out in three ways;
Then, the malonyl group is first attached to ACP. In the condensation step, the entire butyryl group is exchanged for the carboxyl group on the malonyl residue. For acyl-S-enzyme to be from the 3-ketoacyl group will be reduced, dehydrated and, then reduced again. A new malonyl-CoA molecule combines with the –SH of 4’-phosphopantetheine, displacing the saturated acyl residues onto the free cysteine –SH group. This sequence of reactions is repeated until Palmytyl, a saturated 16-carbon acyl radical is formed.