The New Water Czars By Daniel Kraker

Water Rights of the Pima Indians It is not a secret that the Native American people have been abused and ostracized throughout American history. White settlers have taken their land, slaughtered some of their original food sources, and commenced mass genocide on the people themselves, as well as their many cultures. But, what about water? In the case of the Pima Indians, water was their way of life.

The Time article “A High-Plains Showdown Over the Dakota Access Pipeline” by Justin Worland talks about a controversy over a 1,200-mile pipeline stretching from North Dakota to Illinois. The pipeline is called the Dakota Access Pipeline project and is being built by the Energy Transfer Partners company. Some people are outraged by the pipeline because it contributes to man-made climate change. Others are mainly outraged because the Standing Rock Sioux tribe never agreed to the construction of the pipeline. The leaders of the tribe say that “Washington never considered their concerns, as required by the federal law” (Worland).

As James McBride finalizes the last chapter, readers become more informed on the topic of race which serves as a major recurring theme throughout the book. Specifically, McBride delves into his mother’s hardship as a wife of a black man and the vitriolic responses she received from a mostly segregated society. Infact, readers also see how after leaving behind her family, Ruth took refuge by almost identifying as black, as it was the only group that accepted her. Therefore, it appears evident that Ruth being sedulous and determined to erase her past that she considered as a unwanted stain or blemish in her life, contributed to allowing an identity crisis to ferment within James. As shown in previous chapters, James recognized his struggle as

The construction of the Kinzua Dam in the 1960 has been symbolic to the Seneca Nation people. Ohi:yo dwagahdegyo:’ -I am from the ancestral land that covered 10,000 acres that ran along the ohi:yo; Alleghany River. In 1794 Seneca nation signed a peace treaty with the United States that guaranteed land for the Seneca people. Article three in the 1794 treaty declared that “the United States acknowledge all the land within the aforementioned boundaries, to be the property of the Seneka [sic] nation; and the United States will never claim the same, nor disturb the Seneka nation.” The inception of Kinzua Dam initiated in 1950 while the Seneca nation people were unaware.

Elias Marquez Period 4 History Mr.Wolthuis Yuma Project The Yuma Irrigation Project has had positive and negative effects on Yuma county. The Reason behind the Yuma Project was for the West to expand more and grow bigger in population and economy as they had very little people around. Before the Yuma Project there was only either Drought or Floods from the Colorado River.

Analyze the effects on Indians of the Indians Reorganization Act of 1934? Since the first encounter with Europeans and Native Americans, the Indian minorities have been forced to give up their rights and land to obey the new laws that were enforced by the settlers that have come to America. Since the Great Depression all Americans were effected from the market crashing in 1929.The effects have been hard on Americans including the Native Americans, Native Americans were experiencing “over half of the tribal land base was lost to land thieves, tax sales, and governmental sales of surplus lands. A [continuing] launched cycle of poverty that continues at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Thus, lack of education and ill health became hallmarks

The Supreme Court had decided that the Indians could live on the land; however, they could not hold a title to the land. This was because their “right to own their land” was inferior to the settler’s “right to discovery.” The Indian’s wanted to own their own land because it was theirs to begin with; therefore, they thought this decision was

The Oka Crisis of 1990 was seventy eight day standoff initiated by Mohawk protestors against the municipality of Oka, Quebec regarding the expansion of a private golf course and the construction of sixty luxury condominiums that protesters felt would encroach on sacred burial grounds known as the Pines. Beginning with peaceful resistance, tensions quickly escalated as the provincial police were called to tame the situation. Further deteriorating relations prompted the request of the Royal Canadian Armed Forces releasing army troops against Canadian Mohawk citizens. The destabilizing events of July 11 to September 26, 1990 became a focal point of national interest as land negotiations began to break down between opposing sides. By the end,

A great amount of citizens wanted to take a portion of the Indians’ land in order to advance themselves with knowledge of their territories

With the River Project, all the water that the farmers need will be used to help restore the salmon. Farmers don’t just grow the crops for themselves. It’s for everyone else as well. Within a couple of years, there won’t be any need for that project, and all that money and water will have gone to waste. “And it’s coming at a time when water shortages already are killing the Valley’s west-side, farm-based economy.”

The song “Don’t Drink the Water”, by Dave Matthews can be viewed as reflecting a common theme during the late 1800s and early 1900s; Native Americans being forced to give up and move off of their land. Although this idea reflects the reality of what happened during this time period, it does not accurately reflect the two land policies that the US government passed regarding settlers in the West. The first of these two acts, the Homestead Act, gave settlers 160 acres of public land in exchange for a small filing fee and the promise to live on the land for at least five years. Or, the settlers could buy the land from the government for $1.25 an acre after living on it for six months. Thousands of people took advantage of this act, including many exodusters, or

It dives deep into exploring the importance of reclaiming Indigenous land for agriculture. The documentary Cottagers and Indians and the article “Indigenous Agriculture is a Land Back Issue” share a common theme of land rights and the preservation of Indigenous culture. Both the documentary and the article highlight the struggles faced by Indigenous communities in asserting their rights to land and resources. The documentary sheds light on the cultural significance of wild rice and its role in Indigenous communities. James Whetung, as an Indigenous man, expresses how important it is to preserve and replant the wild rice, saying, “The plants that had disappeared from this area, I started to replant them out here, so they’d be right close to the reserve people if they wanted to just put their canoes in the water and go and get the seeds right here.”

Under influence of president Andrew Jackson, the congress was urged in 1830 to pass the Indian Removal Act, with the goal of relocated many Native Americans in the East territory, the west of Mississippi river. The Trail of tears was made for the interest of the minorities. Indeed, if president Jackson wished to relocate the Native Americans, it was because he wanted to take advantage of the gold he found on their land. Then, even though the Cherokee won their case in front the supreme court, the president and congress pushed them out(Darrenkamp).

Intro: From the Roman empire to the rice fields in China, irrigation can be found in some kind of form, this is especially true for Yuma, Arizona where irrigation is vital to its agricultural history. It changed southern Arizona with positive and negative effects. Yuma payed for irrigation in multiple different ways, and brought technology in for its rising stardom. Question 1: Describe in detail how irrigation changed Yuma/Southern Arizona.

An Indian delegate went to Washington, to speak on behalf of Native Americans. He called on Wassaja to help press the matter. The Chief went on to say, “if you give us everything, you can take my young men across the water to fight the Germans.” (Page 125) The meaning behind everything was very powerful. It was the Native Americans true freedom and acceptance, to be given citizenship.