In chemistry, elements have properties that distinguish them from one another. Despite the various chemical properties, one of the most important physical properties is a property known as density. Density was first discovered in 250 BC by the Greek mathematician Archimedes when he compared real and fake gold by placing both in water. The key principle is that density will affect whether objects float or sink. If an object has a higher density than its surroundings, it will sink. Inversely, if an object has a lower density than its surroundings, it will float. Archimedes also found that regardless of size or shape, a given element will always have the same density. With this discovery, density today is represented as the measure of mass per …show more content…
This was achieved by using physical observations, logic, and mathematical calculations. In order to do this efficiently, several answer choices were given for the unknown metals. These choices were Bismuth, Manganese, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Tin, Cobalt, Nickel, Cadmium, and Chromium. For the unknown metal in this case (sample #21), the density was approximately 6.848g/cm3. This alone however, is not enough information to identify the metal. Based on observations, the unknown metal was very dark and black in color, as well as flaky in terms of texture and shape. Because it was clearly observed that the unknown metal was black in color, several of the possible choices can be eliminated. To reduce error, it is critical to eliminate choices carefully and with confidence. Copper can be eliminated because of its red hue, while cobalt is not a possible match due to its blue color. Bismuth can also be eliminated since it contains a variety of colors, and so this element cannot be the match because as previously stated, the unknown metal was only black in color. Moving one step forward, the remaining choices are Manganese, Aluminum, Lead, Zinc, Tin, Nickel, Cadmium, and Chromium. At this point, the density can be used to classify since a few of the choices have been removed. Approximately at 25 degrees Celsius, Manganese has a density of 7.44, Aluminum with 2.70, Lead is at 11.35, 7.13 for Zinc, 7.31 for Tin, 8.91 for Nickel, 8.65 for Cadmium, and 7.19 for Chromium, where all of the densities have a unit of g/cm3. Based on information from the experiment sheet, it is affirmed that the calculated density of the unknown metal should be accurate to about 0.1%, although eliminating options based on this would not be reasonable, as lab data is not necessarily consistent every time. On top of density, logic and reasoning can also be used. To demonstrate how logic and reasoning can be
The purpose of the lab is to acquire the percent composition of zinc and copper. The procedure included obtaining a post 1983 penny and washing it with soap and water. Using a triangular file, we made an X on the penny. Then, we cleaned the top and bottom of the penny with steel wool until it was shiny. We rinsed the penny in acetone and dried it with paper towel.
Descartes deals with this predicament by giving the Archimedes which shows that finding at least one
By using Coulomb’s law to study these forces, researchers are able to better understand crystal structures (Coulomb, 2018). Although these laws are not named after Cavendish, due to the fact his findings were not published until after his death, he is credited with discovering the information contained in these
Why do some objects sink while others float? The answer is buoyancy. Buoyancy is the ability or tendency of something to float in water or other fluid. Archimedes discovered while doing his experiments that any object that is or is sort of (submerged) in a fluid and is (acted) on by an upward or buoyant force.
The purpose of this lab was to change pennies from copper to silver to gold, like alchemists have attempted to do in history. Through the data and observations gathered throughout this experiment, it can be concluded that the pennies were not changed into a different element. For example, the density of the penny from 2005; which was the penny that was experimented on to see whether or not it could turn into silver; was 4.62 g/cm3 before the experiment and 4.89 g/cm3 by the end of the experiment. If this copper penny really would have turned into silver, then the density of the penny would be 10.49 g/cm3; which is the density of silver; by the end of the experiment. The penny may have turned silver in color, but this was only because it was plated in the zinc that was added to the beaker of water in the experiment.
In this lab, we tested 8 known ingredients to find what ingredients was in our unknown A and unknown B medications. We first tested the water solubility of our knowns and unknowns. We found that of the knowns, cornstarch and acetaminophen were the only ones not water soluble. The unknowns were also not water soluble. Th next test was the pH test.
Compare the color of the unknown substance with a flame color chart. Record down the observations into
Euclid created a geometry textbook with 465 propositions and proofs about geometry titled Elements. Pythagoras invented the Pythagorean Theorem, which states that “the square of a right triangle’s hypotenuse equals the squared lengths of the two remaining sides. ”(Ancient World History -------) Lastly, Archimedes, a scientist, estimated the accurate value of Pi. Most of these theories although they were not always accurate they led to further
Copper Cycle Lab Report Ameerah Alajmi Abstract: A specific amount of Copper will undergo several chemical reactions and then recovered as a solid copper. A and percent recovery will be calculated and sources of loss or gain will be determined. The percent recovery for this experiment was 20.46%.
Amadeo Avogadro first proposed that the volume of a gas at a given pressure and temperature is proportional to the number of atoms or molecules, regardless of the type of gas. Although he did not determine the exact proportion, he is credited for the idea. Avogadro’s number is a proportion that relates molar mass on an atomic scale to physical mass on a human scale. Avogadro’s number is defined as the number of elementary particles (molecules, atoms, compounds, etc.)
In the 1860’s a man name Dmitri Mendeleev made the periodic table. He discovered most of the elements we used today and based them on the table due to their atomic weight . Unfortunately, while making the table Mendeleev realized there was spaces in the table. But of course Dmitri knew that there was more elements to be found.
Experiment: Density of Liquids Analysis Questions Directions: Answer in complete sentences. In your lab notebook, histogram the class data for the densities of Liquid A and Liquid B. Differentiate the boxes for each liquid with different colors or shading, and indicate this with a Key. For your horizontal axis, please use an interval width of 0.02 g/cm³ and count by odd numbers (i.e., 0.67, 0.69, 0.71, etc.).
The element Cadmium symbol on the periodic table is known as Cd, it has an atomic number 48, atomic weight 112.411, density 8.69, and it is classified as a metal. This metal is found naturally in the Earth’s crust and it is rare to find in its pure form, however, it can be found coupled with other elements in a variety of compounds, including with some toxic elements, which Cadmium can be toxic itself. Cadmium in its pure form is of a bluish silvery white color and does not change color when heated up, however, impure cadmium when heated up can change color. Friedrich Stromeyer, and Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann, simultaneously discovered the metal both in Germany in 1817, as an impurity zinc carbonate. The element Cadmium’s name derived from
This information was found in the “Density Column lab” and “Sink or Float Lab”. In the labs, it was discovered that the less dense liquids would be on top and the more dense liquids would be on the bottom. The liquids posed as the layers of the Earth. Density is how much matter can go into an object. According to the “Density Cubes Lab”, the more atoms in one object, no matter the size, can be
Ac 2.3 Explain the method of making titanium alloy and investigate how the composition and structure of metal alloys, polymers and poly-matrix composites influence the properties of the parent material. 1. Extraction of Titanium Titanium is extracted from its ore rutile-tio2. It is first converted into titanium (5) chlorine, which is then reduced to titanium using either magnesium or sodium. The ore rutile is heated with chlorine and coke at a temperature of about 1000˚c.