Azirines Derivatives Research Paper

The most common atom to be replaced is a hydrogen atom, but occasionally other atoms may also be swapped out by an electrophile. Within this reaction, the substituents connected to the benzene ring demonstrate directing behavior that can affect the formation of the product. These substituents can either act as an ortho/para or meta director, which ultimately determine where the electrophile is added onto the ring. Figure 2. Bromine Production via Potassium Bromate and Hydrobromic Acid.1

The purpose of this experiment was to identify the unknown alkyl bromide and ketone using a Grignard reaction and IR spectrum. Also, retrosynthesis analysis was used to determine the success of identifying starting material. The organometallic compounds have a carbon-metal bond that is used to create alcohol and to expand chains of carbons. Grignard reagents, a part of organometallic ionic compounds, are widely used in organic synthesis because they are considered strong base, strong base carbon nucleophile, and soluble in many organic solvents. Results: Alkyl bromide #24 and alkyl ketone

In 2013, construct a series of C-7 substituted sulfocoumarins and 3,4-dihydrosulfocoumarins by methanesulfonate of 2,4-dihydroxy or 2-hydroxy-4-methoxbenzaldehyde go along by derivation reaction. The synthesized compound was found to have carbonic anhydrase inhibitory action. A number of new classes of coumarins of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were informed as a lead and that class is sulfocoumarins. SAR studies of sulphocoumarins indicated that substitution at C-7 position of coumarin nucleus powerfully control the human carbonic anhydrase VA (hCA VA) inhibition. It was also found that existence or nonexistence of double bond in the compound doesn't have an effect on the hCA II inhibitory activity.

“Diazotization of L-phenylalanine results in the unstable aliphatic diazonium salt 2, which is believed to undergo a rapid, intramolecular SN2 reaction to give the highly strained R-lactone (3) (3)”. “In a second, slower, intermolecular SN2 reaction, 3 reacts with the solvent (water) to open the lactone and yield the final product, (S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid (4)”. “Because this process occurs with two SN2 reactions, the final product has a net retention of configuration”. “This reaction has the added advantage of being environmentally friendly: the reaction is run in aqueous solution, using a safe amino acid and generates no hazardous waste requiring disposal”. “This experiment illustrates some important chemical concepts, including: Water solubility dependence on the state of ionization of a compound, Stereospecificity of the SN2 reaction, Measurement of optical activity, Effect of diastereotopic protons in the 1 H NMR spectrum”.

The phenylalanine/hydroxycinnamte pathway: The phenylalanine/hydroxycinnamte pathway starts with metabolism of Phe and called general phenylpropanoid metabolism. The reactions involving formation of hydroxycinnamates and their activated forms (CoA thoesters and 1-O-acylglucosides) fall under the purview of phenylalanine/hydroxycinnamte pathway [Figure 17.3]. First enzyme of hydroxycinnamte pathway is phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL; 4.3.1.24) which catalyses the non-oxidative deamination of Phe to trans-cinnamate (first phenylpropane) structure. The trans-cinnamate is further reduced to p-coumarate (4-coumarate) by the action of an NADPH dependent cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (1.14.13.11). This p-coumarate (alternatively called hydroxycinnamate)

Chem 51 LB Experiment 3 Report Scaffold: Bromination of Trans-Cinnamic Acid 1. The goal of this experiment was to perform a halogenation reaction through the addition of two bromides from pyridinium tribromide. This was accomplished by reacting trans-cinnamic acid with pyridinium tribromide. After the reaction took place, melting point analysis was conducted to find out the stereochemistry of the product, which could either be syn-addition, anti-addition, or syn + anti-addition. 2.

The purpose of this experiment is to perform a two step reductive amination using o-vanillin with p-toluidine to synthesize an imine derivative. In this experiment, 0.386 g of o-vanillin and 0.276 g of p-toluidine were mixed into an Erlenmeyer flask. The o-vanillin turned from a green powder to orange layer as it mixed with p-toludine, which was originally a white solid. Ethanol was added as a solvent for this reaction. Sodium borohydride was added in slow portion as the reducing agent, dissolving the precipitate into a yellowish lime solution.

Like isoquinoline, quinoline also coupled effectively with substituted benzoyl under identical conditions. The reaction went to completion in 2 h and the desired acyl addition product, 5a, was obtained in 76% yield (Scheme 4, Table 3) A plausible mechanism for the synthesis of an isoquinolin-1-yl-arylmethanone is depicted in Scheme 5. The synthetic cycle is assumed to begin with the reaction of Aliquat 336 as the phase transfer catalysis and K2S2O8 as a dehydrogenative reagent to generate the salt A, which then would convert to the sulfate radical B by heating. Sulfate radical B could react with the benzyl alcohol 1a through a hydrogen abstraction process providing an acyl radical C. Further addition of acyl radical C to the isoquinoline 1a

Dr. Condeiu’s presentation on synthetic organic chemistry was a rewarding experience because he touched on some very important concepts. Not only did he mention many of the things discussed in class in terms of real world examples, but he also brought a human face to being a synthetic organic chemist, and also mentioned several examples of synthetic challenges he has personally faced. Dr. Condeiu showed some real life examples of themes we discussed in class. In particular, I found his example of how stereochemistry is preserved during the hydrolysis of nerve agents intriguing. I also found it interesting that Phosphorus-Oxygen double bonds are common in nerve agents.

In our initial experiments, a 19% yield of 3,4-dicarbonyl substituted furan 3a was obtained when α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (1a) and 1,3 diketone (2b) were employed for the reaction (Table 1, entry 1) in a 1:2 molar ratio in the presence of 10mg of CuO-NPs in EtOH at room temperature without any oxidizing agent. When molar ratio of the reactants 1a and 2b were increased to 1:3, an improvement in the yield to 28% was observed (Table 1, entry 2) and molar ratio 1:5 gives the highest yield in the same reaction conditions 38% (Table 1, entry 3). The polar solvent such as DMF, DMSO, H2O, Xylene also gave the desired products but in low yield, while no reactions occurred in acetonitrile, toluene (Table 1, entries 4−9).When we employed a mixture of solvent EtOH: H2O (4:1) slight increase of yield 46% was obtained (Table 1, entry 10), increasing the mixture of solvent ratio to 2:1give the yield 51% (Table 1, entry 11) and solvent ratio 1:1 give the highest yield 60% (Table 1, entry 12).

Taurine is what is called an amino sulfonic acid. However, taurine is referred to as an amino acid. Taurine is an ingredient that is found in energy drinks and this ingredient can help with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and diabetes. Taurine is also used to improve mental performance as an antioxidant. AMP CITRATE (4-AMIN-2-METHYLPENTANE

The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize a Grignard reagent with 1-bromobutane and homogenized magnesium in anhydrous diethyl ether. This solution was refluxed in a flask connected to condenser and drying tube. As seen in the mechanism, maintaining a dry condition is important to avoid the Grignard reagent from attacking water, which will result in loss of the bromine. It is important to reduce the amount of moisture and water vapors to avoid destroying the Grignard reagent, which is essential to the synthesis of 2-methylhexanol.

All the complexes were tested for their antimicrobial activity against viz. E.coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Two different concentrations, 1mg/ml (1000 μM) and 0.5 mg/ml ( 500 μM) in DMSO were used for testing spore germination of each fungus.

Throughout the urea cycle, the amino acid, arginine, is changes into ornithine- this is another amino acid when hydrated, that is when water was added. During this reaction, urea is the product formed (Nelson and Cox 2008). Figure 1 shows the urea cycle, occurs specifically in the mitochondria and cytosol in the liver. (Nelson and M.Cox 2008). Urea is made in the liver by means of enzymes in the urea cycle.

It has been always widely debated whenever there is a question being raised about a patent being granted to a certain product. There is a large section of experts who are in favor of the agreement that the “eligibility test” should be done primarily whenever a product has come up for patenting. The three main criteria to be passed by a product before it is granted a patent are (i) uniqueness; (ii) innovativeness; and (iii) its practical utilization in the industry. Therefore, whenever there is a case arguing the grant of a patent to a certain product as per the existing Indian patents Act, Article 27(2) and Article 3 of the TRIPs Agreement, the initial inquiry would be to see whether the eligibility was ever done for that particular product