Nowadays, research has become an integral part within education fields. This is because to develop and create new knowledge regarding to certain issues or phenomena. Research may be described as a linear, step-by-step kind of process, but it can also be understood as a practice that is lived, since the researcher brings her whole self into it, encountering a multitude of other experiences, which include emotions and feeling (Sergi and Hallin, 2011). In order to do a research there must be method chosen. The methodology chosen depends on what one is trying to do rather than a commitment to a particular paradigm (Cavaye, 1996). Those methods can be seen through research paradigm. According to Meredith et al., (1989) was defined a research paradigm …show more content…
According to Billie, (2014) was defined the types of qualitative research as below: Types of qualitative research Definition Phenomenology The researcher try to understand how one or more individuals experience a phenomenon. Ethnography Focuses on describing the culture of a group of people. Note that a culture is the shared attitudes, values, norms, practices, language, and material things of a group of people. Case study research Focused on providing a detailed account of one or more cases within some venue. Grounded theory Developing a theory form data that the researcher collects. Historical research Research about events that occurred in the past. Quantitative Research Methods The quantitative research methods could be divided into to two types which are experimental research and non- experimental research (Johnson, n.d.) Experimental Research • To determine cause and affect relationships. Its defining characteristic is active manipulation of an independent …show more content…
According to Stenbacka, (2001) was stated that the concept of reliability is even misleading in qualitative research. If a qualitative study is discussed with reliability as a criterion, the impact is rather that the study is no good. In addition, validity and reliability are two factors which any qualitative researcher should be concerned about while designing a study, analyzing results and judging the quality of the study (Patton, 2001). Next, in order to ensure reliability in qualitative research, examination of trustworthiness is important. According to Seale, (1999) was stated that the trustworthiness of a research report lies at the heart of issues conventionally discussed as validity and reliability. Finally, there are some issue that has been discovered about the validity in qualitative research but it has been ignore by a researcher namely Stenbacka. She argues that the concept of validity should be redefined for qualitative researches. The impression of reliability is one of the quality concepts in qualitative research which to be solved in order to claim a study as part of proper research (Stenbacka,
n research methods, every researcher uses a procedure or a means of measurement to collect data. For example, three types of basic measurement collection are self-reports, observational, and physiological. Each method has their pros and cons in research. Depending on the research you are conducting these methods of measurement can either guide you to great discovery the pro, or skew your data making it unreliable the con. Observational measure is the method of measuring behaviors by directly observing subjects (Leary, M. R. (2011).
The three different research methods are naturalistic observations, surveys, and case studies. A naturalistic observation is when someone is observing people or animals in a natural environment or set. A naturalistic observation would be good to use when you observing people in a a cafeteria. For example under appropriate conditions, you can observe the amount of people who naturally order healthy food verses unhealthy food. Naturalistic observation are good only if you take the time to observe people in their natural environments.
Culture is the string that connects groups of people with common values or norms. The most common type of culture is physical; things such as physical appearance, food, clothing, behavior, arts, literature, and music. A more abstract form of culture are things like values, beliefs, worldviews, principles, and ethical guidelines (Rubia Jovel, Karla, et al.)(1). One can see the evolution of humanity just by looking at a particular culture. But every day a little piece of culture dies out and humans get one step closer to a singular culture society.
A culture is the beliefs of a life of a group of people, and the interactions they have with the world. Culture has been passed down from many generations and is still continuing today. Everyone has characteristics that show their background and certain culture. Culture is very important and should be taught as a valuable source in life. The importance of where you come from and the history of your ancestors is precious.
This is regard by “the idea of trustworthiness” (Klenke, 2008, p.39) and “ rigor” (Lincoln & Guba, 1985 as cited in Whitley & Kite, 2012). Validity and reliability are significant to ensuring the quality of the qualitative research (Berg, 2004) Thus, Golafshani (2003) concluded that reliability and validity are abstracted as trustworthiness, rigor and quality in the qualitative study. Validity and reliability are determine whether the success or not success of a research paper.
Culture is an interesting concept. It is the traditions of a type of people as well as their arts, manners, and many other things. It’s essentially the collection of a peoples’ intellectual achievements. Your culture is with you from the time you’re born. It’s all around you, and shapes who you are as a person.
The three descriptive research methods that I will discuss are Naturalistic Observation, Survey, and Case Study. Naturalistic Observation is a research method in which people or animals are observed in their natural habitat without any controls or variables. This type of research method may be conducted if you want to see how people truly act without being watched. For example, this research method may be used to determine who are healthier shoppers, men or women? The researcher would go to a food store and take count throughout the day of how many men and women he finds in the fruit and vegetable isles, and how many he find in the snack isles.
According to Tylor (1871), culture is a complex of a whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, moral, law, custom, and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member in a certain society. There is an extended definition of culture defined by other individuals. According to Scarborough (1998), culture is a set of values and attitudes shared by a group that sets standards for the acceptance and successful participation in a certain group. Actually there is no exact definition of culture. Culture is more than what others think.
Culture is the way of life. Culture is generally the beliefs, behaviors, practices, and artifacts a social group shares with each other through commonality. This is rather interchanged with “society” which is difference because society talks about the people who share a common territory or definable region and culture. Culture will not exists without a society, and neither would society exists without culture. Culture consists of two types: material culture, the tangible objects that may be used as symbols to cultural ideas or belongings to society, and nonmaterial culture, the ideas and attitudes of a society, of which both types are linked to each other.
Societies have different cultures and people in each culture are grown and raised with a set of norms, values, and beliefs. Culture is a set of norms, values, and beliefs which are shared in a specific society among people. These values and beliefs are learned from their childhood through their adulthood. Culture is not something which everyone is born with, but it is something which everyone learns while growing up. It does not only influence the daily lives, but it also influences the business activities which take place in that particular society.
The term Research Methodology refers to a set of procedures, methods & techniques that are put together by the researchers to obtain a solution to the problems they confront during the collection of data. The researchers look for the most crucial data which is inevitable for the research. Generally there are three kinds of approaches or research methods namely Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed. These methods are used to gather data and resolve issues that emerge during the process of data gathering. The researcher can bring forward his findings either in the form of quantitative or qualitative or mixed research methodologies only when the data is collected based on the preliminary data gathering process and the secondary data gathering process.
Culture means the characteristics and the knowledge related to a group of people. It refers to the language, religion, cuisine, social habits and music and arts of a particular group of people. The word culture means way of life of the people that distinguishes them from another group of people. It is the overall attitude, customs and beliefs that differentiates one culture from another. For example people of Asian countries such as India and Pakistan flies kites in the spring season thus rejoicing the blooming of flowers and hence celebrating colors.
Reliability and Validity Assessment Introduction Reliability and Validity are often applied as a commonly in a qualitative research and it has been considered the main point of the researches. Therefore, in order to be used in a naturalistic way they would have to be redefined; in a point where there are positioned or based on positivism. When an assessment or other measuring techniques are used as the main part of the collection process, which it leads to the importance of validity and reliability of the assessment. Assessment is the main key which makes teaching into teaching, without using the assessment of what have the students learned from the lectures that were given to them- It’s
In quantitative research, variables are identified and defined, and then relevant data is collected from study participants. A strength of this type of research is that the data is in numeric form, making it easier to interpret. It also studies the relationship between independent and dependent variables and can address questions such as does a relationship between variables exist, what is the direction of the relationship, how strong is the relationship between the variables, and what is the nature of the relationship. To be able to discover and answer the cause-and-effect relationship is a strength of quantitative research. Lastly, in quantitative research, the study can either be experimental or nonexperimental, meaning clinical trial or observational study, allowing for different types of research studies to be conducted.
1) Define culture: Culture is characterized as the beliefs, values, customs, and behavior patterns that influences a certain populations’ worldview and decision making. 2) What are some characteristics of culture and the importance of them: Cultural beliefs provided identity and a sense of belonging for a cultures members as long as they do not conflict with the dominant culture and continue to satisfy its members (Treas-Wilkinson, 2014). Culture is both learned and taught. Learning comes from the life experiences that are shared between its members.