Guadeloupe Hidalgo Treaty

During Columbus’s arrival to the New World, Indians were being converted and used as slaves for work. The Native Americans dissented themselves from Europeans. As Daniel stated about dissent, Native Americans felt apart from others such as Britain and Spanish colonies. Throughout North America, the “white” people continued to expand until they made it to a land now called California. Boorstin found that a “person who dissents is by definition in a minority”.

In Racial Fault Lines: The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California, Tomas Almaguer (2009) describes how race and racism coincides to facilitate the birth of white supremacy in California during the late nineteenth century. The idea of racial formation allowed groups to establish their power and privilege over defined racial lines. For each of the three racialized groups presented Chapter one combines the historical and sociological framework to describe the transformation of Mexican California. Through highlighting the historical accounts of racialized groups, fear of potential threats to white workers creates white supremacy. He continues by describing the peopling of Anglo-CA from 1848-1900 with the immigration of Irish, German,

APUSH P4 11/30/15 SRQS Chapter 13 – IMPENDING CRISIS How were the boundary disputes in Oregon and Texas resolved? • • Britain and the United States both claimed sovereignty in the Northwest, a dispute initially resolved by an 1818 treaty allowing “joint occupation” by settlers from either nation. • • Considerable numbers of Americans migrated to the Northwest in the 1840s. Despite conflicts with Indians, these migrants were able to establish permanent settlements and urged the U.S. government to solidify American claims in the region.

During the late 1800’s the US government attempted to bring peace back to the west by reducing territorial conflict between Indian tribes and western settlers. Indian tribes were to be given land and promised goods to keep conflict at a minimum; however, pressure from the settlers and failure to provide the promised goods sparked conflicts. Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins and the people of her tribe were some of those affected by the reservation policy’s failures. Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins did have a claim to demand her tibe’s land back because of her background, reservation laws in place, and reperations for how badly her tribe was treated. Sarah had a claim to demand the tribe’s land back simply due to her background.

Houses were burned down, wagon trains, farms, and homes were raided. It had gotten out of control, and so the governor demanded the Native Americans surrender, so that they could be taken care of, and no one would die. A couple of hundred surrendered, but many of the others did not, and sought out for a negotiation instead. The governor did not have the power to negotiate, so he told them to wait at the sand creek while he figured it out. Instead of negotiating he was ordered to kill them, since the Native Americans had killed so many people.

Personal Opinion about the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo We both disagree because the Spanish were kicked out of the United States. We argue that the international board was unfair to the Mexicans because they didn’t had the materials and education to survive and live. Americans thought this Treaty would solve everything for them because the treaty entitled peace, friendship, limits and settlements because the U.S. and the Mexican Republic. The good thing that the Mexicans were involved is that Mexico into negotiations to end Mexican-American War.

The Mexican War, commonly known as the Mexican-American War, was the war fought by the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. Controversy surrounding the annexation of Texas to the United States predicted war with Mexico and swayed the votes of candidates during the Election of 1844. During the Election of 1844, James K. Polk, an advocate for expansionism, campaigned against Henry Clay, who was in opposition of adding Texas to the Union. Clay lost many of his voters when he tried to encourage the voters to rally against Texas’ annexation. Eventually, Polk assumed the role as president after defeating Clay in the rather close Election of 1844.

Since 1801, when Thomas Jefferson was sworn into presidency, Americans had become attracted to expansion. Their determination to expand is what led to the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the nation’s size. Even long after Jefferson, Americans desired more land; especially lands of the west. On April 25, 1846, the Mexican-American War began giving them the states of California and Texas. The Mexican-American war brought forth six .

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Officially entitled the treaty of peace, friendship, limits, and settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic. The U.S. pledged to protect the rights of Mexicans living in the newly acquired areas who could choose to become citizens of either nation. Indians were not granted these

Throughout history, there have been many changes pertaining to what is now called California. From Spain, Mexico, and the United States each country added their own ideas and culture blending them all the way. Once Mexico claimed this land from Spain they had to create their own identity. The Mexican government wanted to erase Spain’s influenced around the land. With the secularization of the missions it opened up many different avenues such as free trade, and colonies of immigrants they were not expecting.

Native Americans flourished in North America, but over time white settlers came and started invading their territory. Native Americans were constantly being thrown and pushed off their land. Sorrowfully this continued as the Americans looked for new opportunities and land in the West. When the whites came to the west, it changed the Native American’s lives forever. The Native Americans had to adapt to the whites, which was difficult for them.

Trail of Tears The name of the Trail of Tears came from a Cherokee phrase that meant “the place where they cried.” In my opinion it was not correct from the European colonists to evict all the indigenous Americans, they had been living there for thousand of years and only they had right to live there. The people were treated with disrespect, and one of the only reasons this happened was because the government decided that land, gold and other finite resources were more important than lives of Indians.

It clear that from the time of Junípero Serra until now, outside forces have controlled the past, the present, and the future of the California Native

This period was described as [one] whose Constitution is so perfect that no man suggests change and whose fundamental laws as they stand are satisfactory to all..” However, while both Native Americans and European immigrants theoretically experienced similar rights to those of citizens and were granted citizenship/naturalization in the early twentieth century, both groups lived in crude and unsatisfactory conditions in the 19th century; it would be inaccurate to describe their situation as “satisfactory” at all. During the 19th century, Native Americans lived unsatisfactory lives due to forced assimilation and the dissolution of their identities and sovereignty. At the beginning of the 19th century, Native Americans and Americans had gotten into a series of conflicts as a result of American migration to the west, the lands that the Native Americans

Throughout the 19th century Native Americans were treated far less than respectful by the United States’ government. This was the time when the United States wanted to expand and grow rapidly as a land, and to achieve this goal, the Native Americans were “pushed” westward. It was a memorable and tricky time in the Natives’ history, and the US government made many treatments with the Native Americans, making big changes on the Indian nation. Native Americans wanted to live peacefully with the white men, but the result of treatments and agreements was not quite peaceful. This precedent of mistreatment of minorities began with Andrew Jackson’s indian removal policies to the tribes of Oklahoma (specifically the Cherokee indians) in 1829 because of the lack of respect given to the indians during the removal laws.