The quantitative research that I will critique, is about the effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in reducing the risk of gastric injury in elderly patients who undergo an aspirin regimen. According to the study, over 50% of elderly patients who had taken either a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), or aspirin for less than 30 days presented some type of gastro intestinal (GI) lesion (cite). This very high number causes concern, since aspirin and NSAID’s are commonly used medications to treat, and prevent a variety of conditions. The study aims to answer two questions, the first is the risk of ulcers linked to the acute or chronic use of aspirin, and/or NSAIDs. The second question is the efficacy of anti-acid secretory treatments on these ulcers (cite). In this critique, I will be evaluating the data analysis, the findings, and the implications of the study. For the data analysis, each research question had a different data analysis approach. For the first question the researches used a statistical analysis performed by means of chi-square test, and Man-Whitney test. These two tests were used for the comparison of demographic characteristics, endoscopic diagnosis, and H. pylori …show more content…
For both questions the confidence intervals used were 95%. The researchers also used four tables and 1 figure with pertinent information to support the details of the study. In table number 1, characteristics of the demographic population and the endoscopic diagnoses were presented, and a higher prevalence of females were found to have gastrointestinal injuries due to aspirin or NSAID’s use. In figure 1, we can see that the risks of ulcers are diminished with the concomitantly use of aspirin or NSAID’s and a PPI medication. (cite). The results of the study are well presented and were made easy for other researchers to utilize the information in other
Fifteen year old Lewis Blackman died after a minimally invasive surgery. The cause of death was due to perforated bowel caused by ketorolac, a highly potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory to treat pain and inflammation and for its potential for stomach ulceration. As I read the case, I noticed the following system failures that lead to this sentinel event. First, ketorolac has a black box warning “not to be used in pediatric patients.” 1 A black box warning is the strictest warning put in the labeling of prescription drugs by the Food and Drug Administration when there is reasonable evidence of an association of a serious hazard with the drug.
Qualitative Critique Discussion I will be comparing and contrasting two qualitative studies: (1) an ethnographic study that examined the care and management of women experiencing early miscarriage in a hospital (Murphy & Philpin, 2010); and (2) a phenomenological study focused on the emotional needs of dying patients (Law, 2009). Ethnographers describe and interpret cultural behavior. They collect, describe, categorize, and analyze data. Their goal is to identify patterns in the behavior and thoughts of participants.
Every medication has a side effects and adverse effects. In this case, treatment choices fall into four categories: pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, surgical and complementary (Sinuasas, 2012). In this patient’s situation, pharmacological treatment should begin with acetaminophen and gradually move up to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. NSAID therapy is recommended as a first line therapy for minimum to mild arthritis. However, since the patient indicates GI distress to NSAID medication (Naprosyn), other NSAIDS medications may be utilized.
The appraising process was the most difficult from this activity but was one of the most important steps in selecting our evidence. Questions in the table such as “Is the aim of the study clear?” , “Were the subjects randomized?” and “Was there a control condition?” etc provided an objective method to evaluate the articles and their research.
Qualitative Research Appraisal Mounica Soma Texas State University Completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for HA 5301: Healthcare Administration Research Methods October, 2015 Introduction: The article titled “Family Physicians’ Perceptions on How They Deliver Cost-Effective Care” presented a study on the effects of family physician availability on healthcare costs and outcomes. Primary care family physicians play an important role in the provision of comprehensive, integrated, accessible healthcare services that satisfy the needs of patients (WHO, 2003). A review of Starfield et al (2005) has shown that health is better in areas with more primary care physicians, people
Cut-off date 27 February. Part1: Essay. ‘Evaluate the contribution of a qualitative approach to research on friendship’. Part2: DE100 project report – Method.
In the social and behavioral sciences degree, students are required to fulfill and complete a set of major learning outcomes that demonstrate various skills and knowledge learned while completing the program. The second major learning outcome, research methods require students to understand how to collect and analyze qualitative and quantitative data in order to understand and explain phenomena. The ability to use software programs to demonstrate an understanding of qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis is also required. The following two deliverables demonstrate the fulfillment of this major learning outcome. In the spring 2017 semester, I participated in the SBS 366 Research Methods for Social and Behavioral Sciences:
3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THEORY 3.1 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Qualitative research is a form of research in which the researcher collects and interprets data, meaning the researcher is as important in the research process as the participants and the data they provide. Reason and Rowan (2004) have argued that the core element of a qualitative research approach is to connect meanings to the experiences of respondents and their lives. According to Clissett (2008) qualitative research involves a variety of research methods that can be used to explore human experience, perceptions, motivations and behaviours. Qualitative research is characterised by collection and analysis of words in the form of speech or writing.
Primer: Managing NSAID-induced Ulcer Complications - Balancing Gastrointestinal and Cardiovascular Risks2006. Available from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/545617_6. 5. Oscar D. Guillamondegui M, Oliver L. Gunter J, MD, John A. Bonadies M, Jay E. Coates D, Stanley J. Kurek D, Marc A. De Moya M, et al. Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis2008.
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) form the basis for translating research data into clinical practice and are the trademark of evidence-based practice. Random controlled trials are the standard of a scientific test for new medical interventions. RCT’s have predefined study samples built out of the target population and randomly assigned to different groups (placebo vs. new treatment). The observed effects of investigational treatments at defined time points constitute predefined endpoints. Pharmaceutical companies must meet this standard when working out levels of efficacy and safety that can be achieved by an experimental drug.
The methodological choice of this study is a qualitative case study. This method will enable the study to focus on the specific issue – integration – in the setting of second-generation Afghan immigrants, within the particular context of Iran. This research design is useful when trying to capture different structures within a special cultural setting and put that in a contextual understanding of a concept, such as integration. It has been discussed among researchers whether a case study is a methodology, a research strategy or merely a choice of what is being researched (Flyvbjerg, 2006). In this study, however, it will be used as a method, even though it should be acknowledged that this method also impacts the strategy and focus of the study.
In the process of Comparing and contrasting qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods design, a retrospective view is cited in an attempt to aid in the current debate. When we reflect on a simular situation that occured with Socrates and Plato versus multiple or relative approaches of Protagoras and Gorgias of the Sophists. The process can be compared and contrasted to balances or mixtures of the extremes by Aristotle or principle of balance, under the more moderate scepticism of Cicero, Sextus Empiricus. It can also be traced back to ancient Western philosophy as outlined and argued by Burke, Onwuegbuzie, & Turner, (2007). In some way it can be argued, that a similar rival spirit continues to agitate researchers on the dawn of the 21st
The Elements of the Research Questions and Hypotheses for a Proposed Study A qualitative study states the research questions. It does not frame the specific goals for the research, nor does it predict the outcome (Creswell, 2014). The research questions are in two forms: a central question and associated subquestions. A central question is “a broad question that asks for an exploration of the central phenomenon or concept in a study” (2014).
For many years, quantitative methods for research have been used to test theories and hypotheses. Qualitative methods are still growing and in contrast to the quantitative methods, they provide a better understanding of meaning and experiences of participants. The emphasis is on the quality of experience, instead of causal relationships (Pietkiewicz & Smith, 2012). It is very important to follow a set of guidelines to provide the readers with adequate details of the research being performed and give an overview and understanding of the participants’ background lives. Elliott, Fischer, & Rennie (1999) constructed a set of guidelines to review qualitative research.
In this paper, qualitative research methods and their potential offer to Psychology is the main matter of interest. Qualitative research methods consist of specific procedures that investigate an issue and produce findings that cannot be produced by statistical methods and quantitative methods in general. It is worth reviewing and further considerating that the interest in it is growing rapidly and the merits of it have been increasingly recognized, despite that little research has been done so far. After introducing some basic, yet informative, principles of qualitative analysis, there will be a brief, introductive description about the “core” theories and methods of qualitative research, such as grounded theory, interpretative phenomenological