1. The four major steps of the scientific method are; define the problem, formulate the hypothesis, gather data and analyze, interpret and communicate the results (Thomas et al., 2015).
The scientific model is useful because the first step allows researchers to outline the current problem and recognizing the important variables (i.e. who has the problem affected, what environment the problem occurs) that makes it simpler for investigators to comprehend and solve the problem that has occurred. A hypothesis is formed based on previous research and researchers past experience allowing them to use the scientific model to think and solve problems using their previous knowledge. Researchers will plan how they will gather the data in order to answer
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Qualitative research is used when more complexity understanding is required whereas quantitative research uses facts and questions that can be measured using numbers (i.e. what number of people living in Geelong did exercise in the last week) (Thomas et al., 2015). Qualitative research is used to develop concepts or hypothesis to uncover opinions and thoughts to create a more complex understanding of research. Some examples include discussions, interviews and observations using a small sample group (Barnham, 2015). Quantitative research uses measureable data with larger sample groups to observe patterns in the research. Examples include surveys, online surveys/polls or interviews (Barnham, …show more content…
In the beginning of research, an alpha value is established to determine the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis (Magnusson, 2000). The alpha value is related to type I error and statistical significance because if the value is fixed at 0.05 (5% chance of occurring) then the null hypothesis (no difference between values) will therefore be rejected. Type I error (alpha) is the probability of incorrectly rejecting the hypothesis when it is actually true (Thomas et al., 2015). The alpha and beta value are also linked, as the beta value does not reject the null hypothesis when in reality there is a statistical difference between both values. There is an association between the alpha and beta values, that is, when the alpha value is set at a smaller value, the beta value becomes larger (Magnusson,
Qualitative Critique Discussion I will be comparing and contrasting two qualitative studies: (1) an ethnographic study that examined the care and management of women experiencing early miscarriage in a hospital (Murphy & Philpin, 2010); and (2) a phenomenological study focused on the emotional needs of dying patients (Law, 2009). Ethnographers describe and interpret cultural behavior. They collect, describe, categorize, and analyze data. Their goal is to identify patterns in the behavior and thoughts of participants.
U6: Establishing audiences Quantitative: Quantitative research is a form of research where people are asked something with a simple answer that can be quantified afterwards to represent a larger group. This type of research has simpler answers (yes or no) than qualitative which has more complicated answer (such as a paragraph of text) that can not be quantified but tells a lot more information with 1 answer. Quantitative research is quicker and easier to gather result. Quantitative research can be used for things such as seeing how much of the population in the UK like corn flakes. They would do this by making a survey with a simple answers for the person being surveyed to choose from, the people doing the survey would be people chosen at random
The Scientific Method is a way to answer and ask scientific questions by creating a hypothesis and creating an experiment. The steps of the scientific method include: asking a question, background research, creating a hypothesis, test your hypothesis by doing an experiment, analyzing the data, drawing a conclusion, and finally publishing your results. There are many places in the book The Hot Zone by Richard Preston in which steps of the scientific method are used, the first one I found was during the Kitum Cave expedition. In the Kitum Cave expedition, Eugene Johnson set up an experiment to test if the source of the virus that infected Peter Cardinal and Charles Monet was inside Kitum Cave.
Qualitative Research is primarily analytical research. It provides understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It gives insights into the problem or helps to change ideas. The typical approach used is county-level panel data in this type of study to estimate several linear crime calculations along with how many people are gun owners. Looking at this type of information provides data, from across countries, states, and metropolitan areas, which seems to provide statistically significant associations.
This is called the scientific method and has been used not only in fields of science but also in politics and government. Document three is a model of the scientific method from 1999. The model consists of the 7 steps of this process. One: state the problem, two: collect information, three: form a hypothesis, four: experiment, five: record and analyze data, six: state a conclusion, seven: repeat the steps. The method was built using logic and reason to get from one step to the next.
It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research. Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into useable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables and generalize results from a larger sample population. I prefer quantitative data collection methods because they are much more structured than qualitative data collection
Who, what, when, where, why and even how it happened, or the reason you started researching the problem. The second step is research. By researching you start by writing notes down to answer the question or the problem you want to know more about, either by looking through books, magazines, newspapers, and even the Internet. The hypothesis "is really an educated guess about how variables are linked, usually expressed as an if-then statement: if this particular thing were to happen, then that particular thing will result" (Macionis, 2016, Chapter 1.6). The experiment is collecting and researching data to obtain the correct information that follows under the hypothesis.
Research- Find out as much as you can. Hypothesis- Try to predict the answer to the problem. Experiment- The fun part! Design a test or procedure to confirm or disprove your hypothesis.
An argument had to be presented on “qualitative research and quantitative research.” Quantitative research is that which is placed into numbers, dealing with the variables in the study (Crawford, 2016). A convincing argument had to be presented as to why research with numbers is the best. Through my study and research, I was able to argue, effectively how quantitative research can be one of the easiest ways to get a lot of descriptive information regarding a diversity of topics (Crawford, 2016). New trends and ideas are generally started based on quantitative research due to the large number of participants you are able to appeal
They are all part of the second step in scientific method, designing and executing an experiment. Hypotheses come from theories. Theories are broader than hypotheses and may suggest many different hypotheses. The operational definition defines the variables in a hypothesis. 3.
3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THEORY 3.1 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Qualitative research is a form of research in which the researcher collects and interprets data, meaning the researcher is as important in the research process as the participants and the data they provide. Reason and Rowan (2004) have argued that the core element of a qualitative research approach is to connect meanings to the experiences of respondents and their lives. According to Clissett (2008) qualitative research involves a variety of research methods that can be used to explore human experience, perceptions, motivations and behaviours. Qualitative research is characterised by collection and analysis of words in the form of speech or writing.
There are 6 steps of the scientific method which are used in order to understand and answer a question. The first step of the scientific method asks a question you do this so you have a problem to solve because you can't just do an experiment while using the scientific method. The second step of the scientific method does background research you do this so you know more information about the question or problem you are trying to solve or answer. The third step is to construct a hypothesis this is when you make a guess of what the result will be. The fourth step is to test your hypothesis by doing an experiment this is when you can see the variables such as controlled, dependent, and independent variables.
A good hypothesis is not only testable, but it also can be used to make a predictions on future observations by other researchers. The fourth step of the scientific method involves two parts. The first part of this step is to select a research design. A research design is a detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically, and it purpose is to assist researchers in effectively coordinating, collecting, and analyzing data (McGraw-Hill, 2018). The choosing and preparation of your research design is a critical factor of the scientific method because it allows you to test your hypothesis, analyze your data, and either satisfy or contradict your research objective.
Qualitative research method has been widely used to gather data on specific subjects. With in- depth analysis, this method helps the researcher to get greater insights on various phenomena. The major reason why it is usually preferred over other methods is that it not only examines the when, where and what of a decision making process but also the why and how. Debates, interviews and various other researches are the areas where this approach is commonly used. Depending on the requirement of the research, the data gets streamlined once the entire data is obtained and gathered.
“Quantitative research is conducted in a context of previous knowledge” (Polit & Beck, 2017, p. 54)., which could limit a researcher based off their amount of previous knowledge on the subject being studied. And the researcher collect data from a sample size of a population. The sample’s adequacy is assessed by its size and representativeness. (Polit & Beck, 2017). A small sample size could limit the validity of the