Organisation Theory and Underrepresentation of Minorities in School Administration
INTRODUCTION
The economic growth of any nation or society is dependent upon its youth. They are the future leaders, entrepreneurs, scientists, economists etc. and so regardless of race, ethnicity or income they all deserve to have equal educational opportunities. In most developed countries opportunities are created in public school organisations, which are managed by school administrators, who through their leadership, management and social skills create a healthy and positive environment of learning and development and all students and staff feel secure and accepted and motivated. Youth emerge from these organisations with morals, values and behaviour that
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Classical organisation theory looks to explain the behaviour of these organisations in terms of the ways in which decisions are made, power and control is distributed etc. in order to solve problems, improve outcomes and productivity [encyclopedia.com]. The first scientific analysis of organisations was done by Fredrick W. Taylor in the twenties [Lunenberg and Ornstein. pg. 6. 2012]. He was the first to change the view that management and best results were based on experience and common sense alone. He proposed a “scientific management” of work which focused on the worker and finding the “one best way” to achieve a task maximising the workers productivity. His theory was then followed by administrative management theories which looked at the productivity of the organisation as a whole. Henri Fayol, Luther Gulick, and Max Weber were all major contributors to this theory and their concepts were very similar to each other’s focusing on basic management principles with a chain of command from top to bottom, allocation of authority, order, stability and efficiency. Max Webber came up with the concept of bureaucracy, where management leads form the top down and Fayol came up with his fourteen …show more content…
- Referent power that comes with one’s style and charisma. It can be gained through communication skills because it is only through communication that we are able to gain others trust, and influence and persuade them to follow or to come over to our ideas and values.
Joining peer group associations like American Association of School Administrators to build social and communication skills which are important in the working environment because it is through these skills that informal work groups are made which have been shown to enforce and influence their own norms and behaviour on the management. [Lunenburg, F.C and Ornstein, A.C pg. 10] If the minority worker is excluded from these groups because he lacks these skills then his views and ideas will not have a platform from which they can be voiced. This kind of social interaction gives the worker the advantage of making contacts to gain access to “gate keepers” of the management teams and it also helps improve their understanding of the norms of the society, which is especially important for those individuals who have emigrated from other countries with different social and cultural backgrounds. Public education after all is the provision of a public service to everyone regardless
The society we live in is incredibly diverse therefore it's important people are able to response appropriately. In the health care setting it's important that you reflect to diversity in work practice. At Fernleigh Residential care home in order to have successful implementation of equality and diversity in all aspects of work it's important that you ensures that colleagues, staff, service users and clients are valued, motivated and treated fairly. The act of legislation was set to ensure equality and diversity is implemented in every day work, it states that everyone has the right not to be discriminated for their race, religion or beliefs The Benefits of a diverse world • The world is more interesting place as you have the opportunity to learn about other people's culture and
It is exactly that mindset, she argues, that creates so many boundaries and limits for minorities. She believes that unconscious bias, or explicit prejudice, leads to a detrimental lack of diversity in the workforce. (Abdel-Magied, 1:37) The unconscious bias that we all have, she says, is harmful to society because there are people who are just as qualified to be in certain positions, but are sometimes held back merely because of race, religion, disability, class, or
Organizations, agencies, institution and businesses that exhibit and promote cultural competence will integrate diversity into their policies, procedures, hiring practices and training. Social workers and members of diverse populations must participate in political office, administrative positions, program planning, and policy making and serving on boards of directors in order to achieve social and economic
Racism and classism management in schools today What if you were not offered the same opportunities based merely off of the color of your skin? What if your peers thought lesser of you because of how much your parents made? It may seem like something of the past, but these manifestations of racism and classism continue to lurk among the depths of schools across the globe. These forms of discrimination are still common within school systems, and continue to affect the lives of many students(Expereiences of racism).
The second is you want to have good communication skills. With this you want to make sure everyone is prepared to speak and talk in meetings and interact with one another. The third one is having knowledge on what you are doing.
In the contemporary times, great importance is given to the significance of early years of a child’s life. It is widely acknowledged now-a-days that the early childhood years are a predominantly receptive phase in the developmental process. This stage is responsible to lay a foundation in early days and later years for cognitive functioning, learning process, physical wellbeing, and self-regulatory capacities in both personal and social lives. In simple words, “the period from birth to age 5 is one of opportunity and vulnerability for healthy physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development” (Karoly, Kilburn & Cannon, 2005). However, it is also a fact that many children go through several stressors during their developmental years due to which their healthy development may be impaired.
Here, I would like to apply Fayol’s Principle as the management approaches. Fayol recognized there was no limit to the principles of management. And, Fayol’s work was one of the primary comprehensive statements of a general management theory. He proposed that there were six primary functions of management and fourteen principles of management. Based on his point of view, a manager must attain proper feedback process in order to make necessary adjustments and must analyze the deviations.
The German sociologist Max Weber [3] described many ideal-typical forms of public administration, government, and business. Weber agreed that bureaucracy constitutes the most efficient and rational way in which human activity can be organized, and that thus is indispensable to the modern
Max Weber embellished the scientific management theory with his bureaucratic management theory largely focused on dividing organizations into hierarchies, establishing strong lines of authority and control. Weber suggests that organizations develop standard
THE PHILOSOPHY OF LEADERSHIP: ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL THEN AND NOW. Karl Emil Maximillian “Max” Weber was a German sociologist, philosopher and a political thinker. He was born in 1864, in the Erfurt province of the then Prussia. Educated at University of Heidelberg and University of Berlin, Weber was influenced quite early on in his life, by the marital tensions between his parents. Many of his writings are a testimony of this fact.
According to Mary Parker Follet (1941), management is the process of “getting things done through people”. (Khan A. Imaad,2008). Over the course of the years many theories and perspectives have been created as a conclusive result of many research studies. Two such approaches are the theory of ‘Scientific Management’ and the ‘Human Relations’ approach. Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management is popularly known as the first theory in management history (Stoner, Edward, Gilbert, 2003).
It acts as an operating manual that defines the way the jobs are distributed and how individuals interact within the company to achieve their goals (Distelzweig, 2004). A detailed study on organizational structure relates organizational structure to the way information flows through the hierarchical arrangement. There are basically two types of organizational structure; centralized and decentralized. In a centralized system the highest layer of hierarchy is responsible for decision making and controlling departments and division.
Diversity management can defined as an activity that recruits diverse employees such as women and minorities into the workforce and it’s also can increase the competitive advantage of the organization. (Stone 2013). By applying diversity management, a more productive environment will be created so everyone would have a feeling of they are being valued and their talents are being fully used resulting in their organisational goals are achieved.. (Kandola and Fullerton 1994, p. 56). Equality legislation helps the employers to know better on how to recruit and treat their employee fairly and also helps to promote diversity in the workplace. (Nibusinessinfo n.d).
`For the purpose of this assignment I have chosen to compare and contrast the contribution of Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) and Henri Fayol (1841-1925) to the field of management. I will outline the similarities and differences between Taylor and Fayol and then conclude and elaborate on how these two theorists’ work influenced the world of management both in the past and at the present moment. Frederick Winslow Taylor born in focused his theories heavily on the scientific method, finding the ‘one best way’ to manage a firm and its personnel, (Kanigel 1999). Taylor focused on the operative level, he believed that the application of scientific methods from the bottom of the industrial hierarchy upwards was the key to success. Taylor
Malcolm X once said “Education is our passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to the people who prepared for it today.” In the western world education plays a vital role in shaping our future; it determines if we will survive or fail in the world we created for ourselves. Our world is constantly changing and it requires a society that is well versed in understanding the problems deriving from cultural differences and tolerance of one another’s beliefs and perceptions. With the power of education we are able to deal with the problems of economic, government, religion and culture differences.