Background Information In this lab KCl, NaCl, and a mixture of MgCl2 and NaCl are the independent variables that all lower the freezing point of water. Ice is used as the controlled variable because it is what the salts are lowering the freezing point of. Salt (Na) weakens intermolecular forces of water, thus lowering the the freezing point. This is why in colder climates where icy roads and walkways are a liability, salt is often scattered over areas that are slick with frozen water. Ions (particles with a positive charge) are very effective at lowering the freezing point of water because they cause a large disruption in water molecules, weakening the intermolecular forces. The radius of the molecules particles also have an effect …show more content…
Scientific evidence shows that the substance that lowers the freezing point the most will be the MgCl2/NaCl mixture, then second the KCl, and third the NaCl. This is because the MgCl2/NaCl mixture is positively charged. The particles charge has a greater impact on the intermolecular forces of the water than the radius of the particles, which is the other factor affecting freezing point. The radius of the particles composing the MgCl2/NaCl mixture are small, which decreases the disruption of intermolecular forces (making the freezing point higher) because there is less space for other atoms to gather around it. However, as stated before the particles charge has a greater impact on the intermolecular forces of the water than the radius. As a result of this the MgCl2/NaCl mixture lowers the freezing point the most. KCl has a larger radius than NaCl, allowing it to cause more disruption in intermolecular forces (thus lowering the freezing point) because more water molecules are able to be drawn to it. NaCl having a smaller radius than KCl and no charged particles places its ability to lower the freezing point of water at the least of the …show more content…
After the data from our lab came out opposite of what is scientifically supported it was clear there were better, more relevant ways of measuring different salts ability to melt Ice (lower the freezing point) than time, which is what we used. Also, the Ice being crushed may have caused an additional error because it disrupted the distribution of salt throughout the ice. If this lab were to be performed again I suggest placing the salt on a block of ice, because the amount of Ice exposed to the sat would be less varied between tests than with crushed
When atoms are cold they sink because they are more compacted and don’t move around as much. Sink or Float was a lab that showed about temperature and density changes. With the cold water we saw it sink and just stay at the bottom of the container without moving. When the hot water was added it made it rise to the top of the container and spread. That showed us that the bottom layers would be hotter and the top layers would be colder.
These increases in kinetic energy then result in an increased movement of both oxygen molecules and water molecules, which causes intermolecular forces to break. This braking of inter – molecular forces allows oxygen to escape into the air which results in a lower saturation. Decreases in temperature result in minimal movement between the molecules, keep the saturation level at a high rate. Past results indicated water temperatures of 23.1 degrees Celsius to 22.9 degrees Celsius, whereas current results show water temperatures of 27.1 degrees Celsius. As solubility changes with fluctuations in temperature, colder water temperatures have higher saturation levels than warmer water temperatures, hence why past results have higher saturation levels.
Is there a way to make it so that the Ice element to be weaker? and if so can I also adjust the healing abilities of the crystal? Let 's see... The healing element should make it to where the water will not freeze, and the wood element should make it to where both the effects of the healing element and the ice element will spread to nearby substances but it will only work as long as it is in ice form.
First of all, Kendra poisoned the ice cubes, so that Felix would have no external injuries. Also she has her finger prints on Felix’s cup. My team of investigators took samples of the ice cubes, the pH for tap water is 7(neutral) and for the ice water a 9(base).
As a parent for the weekend, I lost a lot of sleep, didn’t get to do much, and struggled getting my homework done, but I learned a lot. I learned that I overall liked having a child. The fact that I had to care for another human being brought me joy. Along with learning what I did like, I learned about what I didn’t like. One thing I didn’t like was very time I picked up the baby I wanted to play with him
A boiling point of a substance is dependent on the temperature at which the substance can change its matter, such as liquid to gas. The molecules present in liquid are tightly compressed together, though they are still moving and colliding. If the liquid is heated, there is a rise in temperature which generates vibrations throughout the liquid, resulting in more collisions between molecules (Helmenstine, 2017). Once the collisions between the molecules become quite intense and rapid, boiling starts to take place. There are molecules that are so powerful, they break through the attraction forces that keep the molecules together, this is called intermolecular forces (Ophardt, 2013).
As the top layer of water tries to freeze the salt gets in the way. The total number of water molecules captured by the ice per second goes down, therefore the rate of freezing goes down. The melting occurs faster than the freezing because it is not affected by the salt. Other foreign materials can also melt ice. Salt is commonly used on roads because it is cheap and easy to obtain.
Dry ice will keep everything frozen and freezing until it completely sublimate, but take extra time to threw because dry ice is so cold.
The icing of the aircraft in such conditions, however, is primarily due to water drops, though snow may subsequently be embedded in the ice so formed. Negative Effects of Icing on Aircrafts It is evident that if ice continues to be deposited on the aircraft, one or more of the following effects may occur: • Decrease in lift. This may occur due to change in wing section, resulting in loss of streamlined flow around the leading edge and top surfaces. • Increase in drag.
Because the molecules are locked in place, ice is hard and stiff.
Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide, created by compressing carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide needs to be frozen at -109.3F or -78.5C. When the carbon dioxide compresses some of the liquid turns into gas making the fog around dry ice. The fog freezes some of the liquid to turn them into blocks that create the ice shape. Reason why when it melts it turns into a gas not liquid.
Introduction: In this lab, of water in a hydrate, or a substance whose crystalline structure is bound to water molecules by weak bonds, is determined by heating up a small sample of it. By heating, the water of hydration, or bound water, is removed, leaving only what is called an anhydrous compound. Based on the percent water in the hydrate, it can be classified as one of three types: BaCl2O ⋅ 2H20, with a percent water of about 14.57%, CuSO4
Dry ice is created when the liquid form of carbon dioxide is compressed. It is first liquefied by pressing it and letting it cool, with the pressing being about 870 pounds heavy. It is then drained in extensive tanks for the manufacturers to be able to abolish the appropriate liquid amount. That liquid is then shipped, extremely heavy, in various batches. It is then released into the manufacturing company and kept refrigerated to be conserved at
If you leave dry ice in a bowl at room temperature for several hours nothing would be left because the ice turns into gas. Storing dry ice into your freezer can cause damage towards it because the thermostat can be broken due to the dry ice cold temperature. Dry ice can be in two different kinds of forms,the first form is just in a huge block
To start, the salt will be affecting the water reaching its boiling point, and how will the salt be affecting the water and its point. To begin, water is the main source for finding its boiling point, after the heat becomes too high the water will vaporize. To add, the vaporization is the point in time where the water starts to turn into steam. In addition, the boiling point will be affected by the amount of salt used, but it will also affect how long or short the amount of time needed is. Additionally, the boiling point is the time where the water starts to boil.