Bellamy's Influence On American Public Schools

This case Tinker v. Des Moines Schools was a very interesting case argued in 1968. A lawsuit was filed against the school after three students, Two of which in high school and one in middle school were suspended from school. The school suspended the students for wearing black armbands protesting the Vietnam war. Two other students wore armbands, but were in elementary school and weren't suspended. The students were fifteen year old John Tinker, sixteen year old Christopher Eckhardt, and thirteen year old Mary Beth Tinker.

Board of Education is a very important landmark case. This case addressed the constitutionality of segregation in public schools back in the early 1950s. When the case was heard in a U.S. District Court a three-judge panel ruled in favor of the school boards. The plaintiffs then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. The Supreme Court went through all its procedures and eventually decided that “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal” ().

Two cases that were more surprising to learn about than others were; the Ingraham v. Wright (1977) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003). The Ingraham v. Wright (1977) case because of how the principal hurt the child and didn't have proof. The Grutter v. Bollinger case was surprising because I didn't know that you colleges be unexpected because of race in 2003. The cases that I most agree with ruling are; Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (1969) and Kent v. United States (1966).

Notаbly absent from the opinion, as it was in Plessy, is any citаtion to a Supreme Court cаse that considered whether the prаctice of segregating schools was a violation of the Fourteenth Аmendment. It was an open question for the Court. The Court аdmitted that the precedent to which it cited involved discriminаtion between whites and blacks rаther thаn other rаces. However, the Court found no аppreciable difference here—"the decision is within the discretion of the state in regulating its public schools, and does not conflict with the Fourteenth Аmendment."

I don’t agree that the Pledge of Allegiance violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment because you are not praying to anything or anyone. I would agree that the nondenominational prayer does violate this clause. The reason being is that schools are not allowed to require that there is to be a prayer because it comes down to the separation of church and state. Church is where you can go and pray, as well as practice your religion. The state, however, cannot mandate that there be prayer in school because it is not something that they can do because of the First

Francis Bellamy, author of the original Pledge of Allegiance, lived a full life. He worked for a magazine company called The Youth’s Companion. In order to boost magazine sales and push the schoolhouse flag movement forward, The Youth’s Companion planned

Why are the words “under God” in the Pledge of Allegiance, and why is this a social issue with some people? First of all the pledge of allegiance was written in 1892. The Pledge became part of the U.S. Flag Code in 1942, and in 1954 President Eisenhower and Congress added the phrase "under God” into the Pledge. The supporters that would like to including "under God" in the Pledge argue that the United States is a Christian nation. At least 80% of Americans support the phrase, and it reflects America’s culture, religious statement, federal law, state constitutions, and the U.S. currency.

Why should “One nation under God” stay in the pledge? Since 1954 it has been there. When is was first added

Before this case, schools were segregated, but deemed “separate, but equal”. This

The original had only said “one Nation indivisible” while today's says “One nation, under God, indivisible.” The argumentative topic is that these two short words should not be required to say in the Pledge of Allegiance and that the short passage should go back to being the original.

Peter Cooper was born to his Dutch parents on February 12, 1791 in New York, New York. At his early years Cooper did not attend school, for trades was thought to be more useful and important than education. So he worked along with his father in the industrial area. Cooper grew up to be an American inventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist-this is someone who donates his or her time, money, and/or reputation to charitable causes- which is exactly what he did for the police and firemen, public schools, and public sanitation. As an American inventor Peter Cooper invented the "Tom Thumb", which was a locomotive that by 1830 was pulling forty people at ten miles an hour.

The National Anthem was written in 1814 and was adopted by America in 1931. Years after adopting the National Anthem people are ready to fight and die for it. Recently at Harrison High School a ninth grader by the name of Philip Malloy states he had his first amendment rights taken away. Philip was supposedly singing the National Anthem at a time of respectful silence. What people did not know was that Philip was lying about being stopped for singing.

Originally composed by Francis Bellamy in 1982, The congress adopted the pledge 1942 and was named The Pledge of Allegiance in 1945. The last change of the language was in 1954 on Flag day when the words ¨under god¨ were added to the pledge. The pledge was first spoke unto schools in 1899 on flag day. In 1892 the earliest version of the pledges salute also known as the Bellamy salute started out with are raised out pointed to the flag with palm facing down and turning palm up afterpledge is said. this early version was later changed to the hand over heart salute we know and use today on December 22, 1942 due to too much resemblement of the nazi

As a result of the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, The United States legislators wrote the Southern Manifesto in 1956. They believed that the final result of Brown v. Board of Education, which stated that separate school facilities for black and white children were fundamentally unequal, was an abuse of the judicial power. The Southern Manifesto called for the exhaust of all the lawful things they can do in order to stop all the confusion that would come from school desegregation. The Manifesto also stated that the 10th Amendment of the US Constitution should limit the power of the Supreme Court when it comes to these types of issues. 2.

In “Do We Need God in the Pledge” by Jay Sekulow. Sekulow argues that have the word god in the pledge is not about religion but about patriotism. He says that even though “under God” was not in the original Pledge it was implied because Abraham Lincoln wrote the words “this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom…the government of the people, by the people, shall not perish from the Earth in the Gettysburg Address (Sekulow quoting Lincoln) The fact is Sekulow’s article is based on gaining an emotional response.