Emotionality And Misinformation Essay

We were asked to correctly communicate these findings as we tested each of the substances she had encountered with both water and hexane. In experiment number three, The Relationship Between the Volume of a Gas and the Temperature, we where given a list of materials and asked to come up with our own procedure, which we did using zip lock bags filled with air, and submerged fully in a measured amount of water in order to find the volume, and then the change in volume when the temperature of the water was increased. In the fourth experiment we were asked to find the temperature of heated water, based on the cold and warm water. The experiment also required that each section be preformed several times in order to ensure accuracy, and also asked that the experimental responsibilities be split up between lab partners, each doing a section of the testing. This gave us an opportunity to work together with our fellow lab partners, with no one person doing the bulk of the work.

“Anatomy of a Rumor” by psychologist Daniel Goleman, introduces the reader to how rumors work. Typically, rumors dealing with death or disease are the most commonly shared. Goleman successfully uses results from various research projects to explain to the audience that fear and anxiety play a role in why these rumors are spread. The selection is divided into sections and begins with a few outrageous rumors found by psychologist Dr. Allan J. Kimmel.

People’s memories are greatly affected by preconceptions and the emotions that come with them. When one’s memories are challenged the response is that they must be right, and everyone else must be wrong. Dr. Neil Degrasse Tyson shows this example when during his show “Cosmos” where he inaccurately uses a quote from two different speeches of President George Bush’s to express a science of how stars were named. The quote was implying prejudice tendencies in Mr. Bush right after 9/11, and when Dr. Tyson was confronted of his misinterpretation his overconfidence of his memories he instantly configured that the confronters were incorrect. After evidence proved of his misconception, he admitted to his mistake and publicly apologized.

Rodrigues continues by informing us of how people can be susceptible to believing in false rumors, as well as some of the reasons why we believe them. In an effort to support his case, Rodriguez references the works of other authors such as Cass Sunstein and Robert H. Knapp, both of which have explored the ways that our beliefs and worries affect our acceptance of false rumors. The spreading and believing in false rumors has always been and is still an issue in our society. People will always turn to rumors when things get complicated. The specific details of the rumors change from one rumor to the next, but the basic definition and causes will always be the same.

According to Gregory Rodriguez the author of “Truth is in the Ear of The Beholder. Studies have shown that people do not interpret information in a fair-minded way. Rodriguez believes if our minds are predisposed to rumors and conspiracies than we are more likely to believe in it. People tend to form opinions based off wants and needs instead of the information provided. Our minds

The reason that historians differ on the causes, effects, and who was responsible for “historical events” is because memory is reconstructive and unreliable. Therefore the written history of 9-11 is affected by bias because the writers, children, and adults memories are affected by the schemas of each one’s individual culture. This can change the recollection of 9-11 and other traumatic events. Memories linked to 9-11 differ between different cultures.

While arguably one of the defining psychological studies of the 20th Century, the research was not without flaws. Almost immediately the study became a subject for debate amongst psychologists who argued that the research was both ethically flawed and its lack of diversity meant it could not be generalized. Ethically, a significant critique of the experiment is that the participants actually believed they were administering serious harm to a real person, completely unaware that the learner was in fact acting. Although Milgram argued that the illusion was a necessary part of the experiment to study the participants’ reaction, they were exposed to a highly stressful situation. Many were visibly distraught throughout the duration of the test

"We lie,we all do. We exaggerate,we minimize,we avoid confrontation,we spare people's feelings,we conveniently forget. We keep secrets,we justify lying to the big-guy institutions. Like most people,I indulge in small falsehoods and still think of myself as an honest person. Sure I lie,but it doesn't hurt anything.

Intrusive, traumatic memories are of real social concern, especially for people struggling with clinical posttraumatic distress. The ability to remember specific events is not a problem in itself. Rather, it is the involuntary intrusion of these traumatic thoughts that is a serious issue. Research shows that a task can interfere with the memory of an event shortly after it happened by affecting the consolidation process. However, it is still unknown whether interfering with the reconsolidation process can reduce the frequency of intrusive memories of traumatic events without affecting the memories in themselves.

4. South Sudan is an independent country from Sudan. Sudan was plagued with major civil wars, and those in the Southern region of Sudan were targeted and attacked. Southern Sudanese were killed off in large numbers; many villages were raided. Those who weren’t killed or sold off into slavery had to make mass migration to surrounding countries- the most being allowed in Kenya in refugee camps.

Abstract The evidence offered in this paper clearly highlights the Psychological manipulation which is a type of social influence that aims to change the perception or behavior of others through underhanded, deceptive, or even abusive techniques. This advances the interests of the manipulator, generally at the victim's expense, in methods that may be considered abusive, devious, deceptive, and exploitative. The main focus of this study is to understand how people are manipulated and the different kind of tactics that are used to manipulate them.

This highlights the issue of post event information, and how easily it can sway an individual’s recollection of events. Gabbert et al (2004) further looked into this, in this study participants viewed a crime video and were later exposed to four pieces of misinformation about it; presented by a confederate or in a written narrative. Gabbert found that participants were less accurate in recall after they received misinformation, and misinformation given socially was significantly more misleading. Further studies for this misinformation effect comes from Loftus, Miller and Burns (1978), here participants (undergraduate students) watched a slide show of a car driving and then hitting a pedestrian. Some participants were then asked the leading question “how fast was the car travelling when it passed the yield sign?”

Emotional abuse is sometimes also known as psychological abuse, which is the continuing emotional violation of a person by another and can have a severe impact upon a person’s life. It can comprise intentionally trying to intimidate, scare, frighten or humiliate a person. Emotional abuse leaves the offender free to gain authority and control over someone through his behaviors, language and gestures, which with the passage of time reduce the person’s sense of self-worth, self-belief and confidence. Due to the fact that psychological abuse contains no physical torture and there are no visible physical signs, sometimes, it can be hard to identify it.

Fake news - a phrase that is frequently emblazoned in the headlines. Scandals, false alarms, and of course, Donald Trump’s “fake news awards”. Clearly, fake news plays a huge part in American politics. But what many Singaporeans fail to realise is that fake news is also a pertinent, pervasive, pernicious and perennial problem in Singapore, and it is a problem that needs a solution. We define fake news as false stories that appear to be legitimate and are usually fabricated for political or financial gain.

Lying is against Deontologist school of thought because it is irrational when following the categorical imperative and it hijacks autonomous decision making. The maxim followed is: “Lying is always wrong”. We must consider what this means for an argument - when is it attractive to lie, but we still must refrain? It is attractive to lie when we feel like we are trying to help the situation by skirting around the truth.