Historical Account 1. PORPHYRINS The word ‘Porphyrin’ is derived from the Greek word ‘Porphura’ which means purple. Rather the Greeks borrowed this term from the Phoenicians, who extracted a purple pigment from purpura mollusks to dye the garments of their royal family. Later, in the Byzantine Empire, the term porphyrogenitos, or "born to the purple", literally meant that the imperial heir was born after the fathers accession to the throne, in a palace room draped in the color. However, those with the misfortune to be born to the purple involved in porphyria--a group of diseases that result from abnormal accumulations of red and purple pigments produced by the body, called porphyrins. Ref: www.scientificamerican.com/article/born-to-the-purple-the-st Timeline: 1841 - Initial it was thought that the reddish color of blood was from iron. An experiment was performed to disprove this case. Dried blood was washed with concentrated sulfuric acid to free the iron. Then it was treated with alcohol and the resulting iron free residue was a reddish purple color …show more content…
Ref: http://www.porphyriafoundation.com/about-porphyria/history-of-porphyria 2. PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT) 1900: Oskar Raab, a German medical student discovered that living cells were destroyed when treated with a combination of acridine orange (dye) and light. His mentor, Hermann Von Tappiener, thus termed this ‘Photodynamic effect’ and suggested that this phenomena can play a crucial role in clinical medicine. 1920s: Policard noted that tumor tissue was inherently more fluorescent than healthy tissue. 1950s: Ronchese attempted to activate endogenous fluorescent molecules in tumor tissue to delineate its boundaries more accurately. Between 1940 and 1960: Figge et al. and Rasmussen-Taxdal et al. administered natural porphyrins to patients and tumor-bearing animals in an attempt to more accurately detect tumor tissue by
While the solution dissolved, 50 mL of distilled water was added to a 150 mL beaker and heated on the hot plate. When the solution started to boil 2.65 grams of Na2SiO3*5H2O was added to the beaker with a stir bar and heated to a gentle boil. When both solutions began to boil, the sodium silicate solution was slowly added to the sodium aluminate. The solution was kept at 900C for 60 minutes and stirred with stir bar. After 60 minutes, the zeolite solution was cooled for 5 minutes and for the magnetized zeolite , 0.78 grams of FeCl3 and 0.39 grams of FeSO4*7H2O was added to the flask and stirred until the iron parts dissolved.
In the late 1940s, scientific research began taking off as innovative technologies and diseases were being created and discovered. One important field of study during the time was cancer. Like many types of new research, there were a few problems getting the ball on the roll. One problem scientists faced was obtaining cancerous cells that would stay long enough to study. One scientist struggled with this until a particularly unique strand of cells came along.
We can see that is being expressed in this quote: “ The seventh apartment was closely shrouded in black velvet tapestries that hung all over the ceiling and down the walls, falling in heavy folds upon a carpet of the same material and hue. But in this chamber only, the color of the windows failed to correspond with the decorations. The planes here were scarlet - a deep blood color”(457). This is saying that all the colored rooms had the same color decorations except the last one which was black with red windows. The windows were a “ deep blood color” and occasionally when we think red we think death.
Comparison of three alternative bolus materials to Superflab in providing the maximum dose buildup (Dmax) Many superficial tumors are treated using 6 Megavoltage (MV) photons, but often require a bolus to bring the depth of maximum dose closer to the skin surface. A bolus may also be used to compensate for uneven skin surfaces or irregular contours in the patient. The depth of maximum equilibrium describes the depth in which the maximum dose of the formulated radiation is deposited (Washington & Leaver, 2010). Bolus material should be flexible, pliable, and tissue-equivalent.
The true color of life is the color of the body, the color of the covered red, the implicit and not explicit red of the living heart, and the pulses. It is the modest color of the unpublished blood” - Audrey Meynell. Red is one of, if not the most powerful colors on the visible light spectrum. Kate Smith thinks “Red is violence, anger, and aggression, and it frequently indicates danger” (Smith) while Karen Haller says “red communicates feelings of passion, lust… love.” Both of which are correct as red symbolizes a multitude of things ranging from danger to desire, passion to poison, aggression to affection, from sex to sin.
Purple is a mixture of blue and red showing that the baby is growing up and gaining life experience. Spring and growth is often paired with the color green and then orange represents summer into fall and how a person's life matures and ages. Then the final season comes into play with the white colored room. People age and their hair turns white and their skin becomes paler as their bones become more fragile. The color violet hints at injury and the bruises of an older body that is nearing a death clocked in shadow.
However, after refluxing for a while, yellow precipitates begin to form near the top of the flask. It was assumed that the remaining starting material was concentrated from a decrease volume to reappeared in solution. Nevertheless, this may have been a sign of contamination that will negatively affect the entire reaction. This observation later resulted in a yellowish
1. A. Find a historical allusion. B. What significance does it have to the story? A. “Of course, he wasn’t a crazy crazy like old Miss Leedie, who was in love with President Wilson and wrote him a letter every day, but was a nice crazy, like someone you meet in your dreams. “ (Hurst 2).
Their -year investigation concluded that laboratory mice given a daily dose of resveratrol, equal to two glasses of crimson wine, were 50% less probably to expand cancerous tumors. in keeping
Bang talks about how we related purple to Little Red’s mom early on, therefore, shouldn’t this be a happy thing? Yet, it is not because we think of these kinds of colors to be associated with darkness, making it the scarier of the two.
The first use of the color red in relation to fertility comes when Offred is describing the tulips in Serna Joy’s garden “The tulips are red, a darker crimson towards the stem, as if they have been cut off and are beginning to heal” (12). The tulips in this case represent the handmaids, the reason why the tulips are a darker shade of red is because Serna Joy has cut them to prevent them from flourishing. By Serena Joy cutting them off and preventing them from flourishing it means that the handmaids cannot flourish and give birth, causing Offred to become a failure and lead to shame. The next time the tulips are discussed is when Offred is looking at the bodies of the doctors, who performed abortions, hanging from the wall. She describes the blood on one by saying “It makes a mouth, a small red one, like the mouths painted with thick brushes by kindergarten children” (32).
This is from living in the moment, with hope in the future, and having the idea of hope, always. Many pieces of literature incorporate the color blue. This blue shows the emotions of hope the characters scenarios. They have hope for their way back home, to become a new person, and just be who they are. As an example, the film Unbreakable, inquires the color blue.
The second color that came to my attention was purple. I noticed throughout the movie rapunzel was wearing a purple dress. Purple is represented through royalty. Rapunzel, before taken by the witch, lived in a castle with the queen and king. Now, the colors red and black.
Coloring in painting help draw audiences into the art work itself. The Virgin and Child coloring is mostly pale skin tone, with royal blues symbolizing royalty and, white symbolizing purity the black background helps make Mary and Jesus the focus point. Painters often add different technique to make their art work more realistic. One way of doing that is lining. The lining in the skin of Mary and Jesus builds a more realistic feel to the painting.
While electroluminescence as a phenomenon was found in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi