Properties Of Substances Lab Report

Our hypothesis was partially correct, the property changing substances did have the weakest coherency with the lowest drop counts of 23(carbonated), and 14(soap), and pure water did have the strongest bond. What we also found was the the salt also dampened the liquid’s ability to hold onto a penny in large volumes, as all the different salts had a drop average of 24(28x2 & 16), five less than Tap water’s drop count (30). This led us to conclude that pure water has the strongest bond and that all foreign materials weaken the coherency of water. This evidence has led me to believe that similar substances are attracted and are more coherent towards themselves, in this case the water pieces get separated and generally less connected on a really small level due to the obstruction of foreign objects, this is why the different salts perform better than the huge air bubbles or the slippery properties of soap since the latter is more obstructive and the former dissolves with the water and blocks less. When studying a few other groups’ conclusions and data we did indeed find differences: some groups had differing data where a solution had better coherence than water itself which led to differing conclusions.

In this lab, the water molecules stick strongly together and

If an object is less dense than the water or air surrounding it, the object floats; if the object is denser, it sinks. When an object does float on water, the water will not remain flat, but will instead form a bump or dimple, depending on the object’s weight. When two identical objects float close together, the change is more noticeable—two cheerios, for example, will cause slight dents in the milk and close together, will appear to “fall into” each other or form clumps. Surface tension is a property that makes the surface of a liquid act like a flexible membrane. It results from various

A covalent compound: it is a molecule formed by covalent bonds in which atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. Properties of Covalent compounds: • Hard • Good insulators • Transparent • Poor conductors of heat and electricity (specially in water) • Tend to be gases, liquids or soft

What is in a solution is a solute, which is the component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. The solute is the element that is going to be dissolved. The solvent is the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution. The solvent is the element that is going to dissolve the solute.

Exploration Title: Effect of Temperature on rate of Osmosis Submitted By: Abdulkarim Kamal Date Submitted: October 19th 2015 Subject: Biology HL Teacher: Mr. Nick   Aim: This is an investigation to determine the relation between temperature of a solution (sucrose) and the rate of osmosis Scientific Context: Osmosis is defined a passive transport process in which a fluid diffuses across a semi-permeable membrane, from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration and vice-versa. There are various factors that could potentially influence the rate of osmosis; these factors include volume, concentration, and temperature. If all external factors that may interfere with rate of osmosis are controlled, the results will show equal amounts of fluid on both sides of the barrier (membrane); this is known as an “isotonic” state.

UDEC 2224 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II NAME YONG ZHI RHEN NAME OF GROUP MEMBERS TEH HOOI SAN, TEO SEE ZHENG STUDENT ID 1307297 NO. OF EXPERIMENT EXP 3 TITLE OF EXPERIMENT Phase equibrium DATE OF EXPERIMENT 14/7/2015 PRACTICAL GROUP P2 LECTURER Dr. ONG SIEW TENG

. SUPER HYDROPHOBICITY Soumya Ranjan Sahoo (711CH1025) NIT, Rourkela Abstract: Superhydrophobicity as a sensation has turned into an increasing focus of research and technological movement, where its key viewpoints span surface chemistry, chemical physics, and cellular biology. Hydrophobic particles have a tendency to be non-polar and, accordingly, incline toward other neutral molecule and non-polar solvents. Hydrophobic atoms in water frequently bunch together, shaping micelles.

In this experiment, the behaviour of water during boiling process is observed. When water is heated to boiling temperature at constant volume, different regimes are observed until it reaches to saturation pressure. If the pressure is above 1.013 bar, the water is supersaturated. The pressure at which boiling occurs is known as saturation pressure.

These groups cannot be removed due to steric effects of the bonded ligands are hence partially ionized. These residual silanols may influence the separation of polar analytes because of hydrogen bond interactions and dipole-dipole interactions between their basic groups and ionized residues. Water molecules that are adsorbed on the stationary phase suppresses the ionization and thereby leads to negative charge on the silica gel. This negative layer causes negative electric field in the mobile phase. The attraction of positive charges create an electrical double layer.

The purpose of this experiment is to analyze the P content in a wastewater sample and to test the efficiency of 2 different methods for P removal from wastewater. To analyze the P content in a wastewater sample, standard P solution is made and calibration curve is generated and phosphate concentration in wastewater is determined by using calibration curve that is generated. To determine the concentration of P, vanadomolybdophosphoric acid spectrophotometric method is used. The predominating form of phosphate is dependent on pH. H₃PO₄ ⇌ H₂PO₄⁻ + H⁺ pKₐ=2.12 H₂PO₄⁻ ⇌ HPO₄²⁻ + H⁺ pKₐ=7.25 HPO₄²⁻ ⇌ PO₄³⁻ + H⁺ pKₐ=12.7

Properties of Ionic and Covalent Substances Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine which of the following substances: wax, sugar, and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, research of definitions of each relating led to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound forms when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons; covalent compounds are also

Index 1. Introduction Spectroscopy is a term which refers to the interactions of various types of electromagnetic radiation with matter. It is also a study of the absorption and emission of light and other radiation by matter. Dependence of this process related to the wavelength of the radiation. Spectrometers are used to measure the properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

In order to interpret it in terms of physical chemical process, the mechanism of interaction and the kind of adsorption process should be analyzed. To proceed further an updated of the membrane regions is required in which the properties of lipid membranes depends on water organization as part of the structure. In consequence, its thermodynamic properties must be redefined. The updated model is described in Figure 6A. The regions of 1 nm thick at each side of the bilayer, denoted as an excluded volume for solutes in the previous session, contain around 18-20 water molecules per lipid in phosphatidylcholines [50,51].

Molecules tend to tie with different particles to get solidness. Much the same as in Ionic holding, Covalent holding shapes mixes which are brought into utilization once a day. This can be found as gasses, fluids, or solids and are surrounding us. Not at all like in ionic, they are not dissolvable in water. The iotas of materials with covalent bonds are bound firmly to each other in stable atoms, yet, they are for the most part not extremely pulled in to different particles in or around the material.