SOLUBILITY AND SOLUBILITY PRODUCT
OBJECTIVE
In this experiment you will determine the solubility and solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt, potassium hydrogen tartrate, and also in four solutions containing a common ion.
INTRODUCTION
When a salt of low dissolubility dissolves in water, equilibrium is established between the solid solute and the dissolved ions. There are two terms used in discussing this condition. The first is solubility, which is the maximum amount of salt that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent (usually water) at a specified temperature. Solubility is usually expressed in units of molarity (moles/L), but sometimes g solute/ g solvent is used. The second term is a solubility product, Ksp. This is a special equilibrium constant for the dissolving of a salt in water. By convention the equation for the reaction is always written with the solid as the reactant, and the ions as products. For a general salt, AmBn, the equation would be:
The equilibrium constant for such a salt would be:
The solubility product expression matches the coefficients in the equilibrium equation, and that the solid is not included in the Ksp equation.
In this experiment, you will determine the Ksp for the sparingly soluble salt potassium hydrogen tartrate (also called acid tartarate or bitartrate). It dissolves in water to give potassium ions and hydrogentartrate ions according to the following equation:
KHC4H4O6 K+ + HC4H4O6-
The solubility product is
Our original question was what is the effect of different types of water on an Alka Seltzer tablet? What we were measuring was which type of water will make the tablet dissolve the quickest. Our hypothesis was the salt water would dissolve it the fastest, then the pond the second, and tap would take the longest. The results ended up being that the tap water would dissolve the tablet the fastest, then the pond water, and the the salt last. Our three controls are the amount of salt, the amount of water, and the size of the tablet.
It is soluble in water and N,N-dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in methanol; very slightly soluble in ethanol, acetone, and acetonitrile; and insoluble in isopropanol and isopropyl
The goal of this experiment is to find out what is the identity of the unknown hydrate? To answer this question first, we should know what a hydrate, and how to identify a hydrate using the law of constant proportions. A hydrate is a pure substance because it contains water molecules embedded in its crystal structure that does not vary. By heating the unknown hydrate, we can calculate the mass of the hydrated, and the percentage of water in the hydrate.
Observe the reaction and record how fast the Alka-Seltzer dissolves. 7. Place an Alka-Seltzer tablet into a second empty water bottle. 8. Pour 16 oz of room-temperature water into the bottle.
To begin, the solubility of the unknown compound in water was tested. If the compound is soluble in water, it can be inferred that it is either a polar covalent or ionic compound.
As much was conducted throughout this lab, the projected completion of this lab displays that ultimately, the higher the temperature of the water, the faster the dissolving rate of the Alka-Seltzer is. In other words, the hotter the water temperature the quicker the tablet dissolves within the water in regards to the amount of time it took to dissolve. Furthermore, this experiment helps to explain that, if water is taken at a higher temperature and Alka-Seltzer is placed within the water, the Alka-Seltzer will take less time to dissolve because the higher temperatures cause the tablet to melt at a quicker rate. This compares to when Alka-Seltzer is placed in colder temperatures, where instead it takes more time to dissolve, because the lower
Because the compound dissolved in water, it is known that the compound is either polar or ionic3. Water is a polar substance, which maximizes its interactions with other polar molecules. Ionic substances also interact with and dissolve in water, because they can be considered an “extreme” case of polarity in which electrostatic forces hold atoms together. The interaction between water and the unknown compound can be described as “dissociation.” When a molecule is dissociated in a polar solvent, the anion of the molecule bonds with the solvent’s cation and vice versa4.
In this lab, we tested 8 known ingredients to find what ingredients was in our unknown A and unknown B medications. We first tested the water solubility of our knowns and unknowns. We found that of the knowns, cornstarch and acetaminophen were the only ones not water soluble. The unknowns were also not water soluble. Th next test was the pH test.
The Study of Diffusion and Osmosis Using Deshelled Eggs Maquita A. Dieufene Jessica Thelwell(Partner) 10/09/2014 1611 Evening Lab Introduction It is quite simple to overlook the roles diffusion and osmosis play in daily life. If one has ever spent too much time in the pool and watched as their fingers begin to turn prune-like, that is an example of osmosis. Osmosis is simply defined as the movement of a concentrated solvent through a semi permeable membrane to a more concentrated solvent.(Biology Corner) Relating to the earlier example of osmosis, your body acts as the more concentrated solvent for the water to penetrate. Diffusion is the exact opposite of osmosis.
To accurately determine this, each trial will have recorded dependent and independent variables, constants and a control. The hypothesis being researched, indicates higher temperatures allow for a rapid rate of dissolution. In this particular case with someone needing Alka Seltzer, they will feel better faster if they use hot water to dissolve the medicine before
. SUPER HYDROPHOBICITY Soumya Ranjan Sahoo (711CH1025) NIT, Rourkela Abstract: Superhydrophobicity as a sensation has turned into an increasing focus of research and technological movement, where its key viewpoints span surface chemistry, chemical physics, and cellular biology. Hydrophobic particles have a tendency to be non-polar and, accordingly, incline toward other neutral molecule and non-polar solvents. Hydrophobic atoms in water frequently bunch together, shaping micelles.
4.) What is the formula of the compound you chose for your crystal? The formula for an Epsom salt crystal is (MgSO4) 7H2O. 5.)
is this decision based on sound rationale? Comment briefly. 1. The use ethanol and water in a solvent pair is perfect do due to ethanol having a high solubility while the water has low
Practical I: Acid-base equilibrium & pH of solutions Aims/Objectives: 1. To determine the pH range where the indicator changes colour. 2. To identify the suitable indicators for different titrations. 3.
Introduction Solubility is a chemical property that is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called saturated solution. For example when a sample of sodium chloride solution in water is heated the behavior of the reaction is endothermic obstructing exothermic behavior. Another relationship that can be said about solubility is that the solubility of a solid substance increases as the temperature increases. The solubility of solutes is dependent on temperature.