The Dark Side Of Human Rights By Onora O Neill

In 1982 the Canadian Constitution was patriated in Canada, and with it came the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, a document that set out to create a just society with liberty and justice for all (3). This new constitutional document however, may not be the beacon for social justice that it has been trumped up to seem. In Joel Bakan’s book, “Just Words: Constitutional Rights and Social Wrong,” he argues that the document is inherently flawed because it is enforced through the means of conservative institutions (3). In this book review I argue that the book does an effective job critiquing the Charter. The paper will be formatted in the following way.

The citizens of America need unalienable rights to protect themselves from the government. The unalienable rights are the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. In the document Andrew Sullivan

Introduction: While freedom as a concept feels fairly intuitive, nuances in interpretation can change the basis of an argument. John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government and Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America do not define liberty in precisely the same way, which in turn guides two different visions in how a government should function. When examining a core concept in an argument, it is important to inquire to whether its treatment is adequate. Is either definition of liberty sufficient, and does either author’s envisioned government adequately address liberty in that system? This paper will argue that Locke’s definition of liberty remains in the literal sphere while Tocqueville’s is more conceptual, but neither Locke’s nor Tocqueville’s

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”. This statement by the Founding Fathers is the core disagreement between the 13 Colonies and Great Britain. Throughout this historical document, there are multiple arguments made to get the authors’ point across. The authors’ effectively use logos, ethos, and pathos to contribute to the formation of the concluding argument. Logos is used because the thesis is straight to the point and it is supported throughout the entire document.

Factor X The mix of biotechnology and Factor X can either go one of many ways, positively or negatively. Factor X is the soul of a person, the human dignity of an individual. In “Human Dignity” by Francis Fukuyama, Fukuyama discusses the essence of human nature from both a scientific and a philosophical perspective. Fukuyama describes Factor X as “human essence.”

ABSTRACT Human right is our birthright. Human rights protect our legal rights, such as life, education opportunity, freedom of speech, freedom of thought and religion. And the most important is freedom of movement. However, in massive of developing countries or centralized government deprive them of power. In those countries, the authorities participation and implementation of repressive policies to enhance their ’s political awareness and behavior.

In 1984 by George Orwell, he touches on how minority groups human rights are more violated than the majority or the main group that is in power in the government. For example, the majority of the population in America is caucasian, and in America many caucasians can get away with more crimes or malevolent actions or ideas than other minority groups can. Another example of this would be in Iraq where the government is dominated by men, which make sure that they keep the minority feeling inferior to them. Countries will also abuse children’s human rights by making them fight in the army.

Specifically, in the moral aspect equal importance is attached to every individual’s needs, from their happiness to the means available to them (115). Pogge continues by theorising two subsets of moral cosmopolitanism relating to how moral constraints are maintained. On the one hand moral cosmopolitanism is upheld by institutional cosmopolitanism, which essentially entails the normative standards established on an institutional level to “regulate human interactions” (115). On the other hand moral cosmopolitanism is upheld by interactional cosmopolitanism, which maintains that the level to which citizens’ equal moral concerns and rights are protected depends on their ability to practice and uphold those rights in their interactions with one

He points out that Finnis fails to explain why there needs to be a general obligation to obey the law. The author refutes that general obligation to obey the law cannot be explained by fairness because there are many innocuous illegal acts which cannot be unfair. Contract and consent to obey the law are often mentioned by advocates of the general obligation to obey. These supporters argue that by living in a society and taking the benefits of a legal system, people implicitly consent to follow the law. However, it must be acknowledged that too few have given consent and such consent is not enough to concede to a whole legal system.

In short, Waters says that specific rights will be granted dependent on specific historical conditions. According to Waters, human rights are a product of particular balances of political interests. He emphasises the distinct difference between human rights discourse and human rights institutions. Human rights were made to benefit the bourgeois class, in his opinion. Since Waters viewed human rights claims and institutions as being “unique”, he believes that it is impossible to explain the point of origin.

Aunt Lydia’s more relevant quote in The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, is the two freedoms, who gives the reader an accurate insight of the Gilead society. This quote exposes the contrast between the freedom before and after the settlement of the Republic of Gilead, and the mentality of the brainwashed nation. It is well known that the Gileadean era is a dystopia, but the reader must study deeper into both societies –Gileadean and pre-Gileadean- to understand which one is really worse. Before the appearing of the Republic of Gilead, freedom was seen as a person’s desire, however, on the Gileadean era, freedom is a collective idea. On the current community, freedom is settled by laws based on moral and social values, but ignoring the

Amnesty International felt this shift was important, not just to give credence to its principle of the indivisibility of rights, but because of what it saw as the growing power of companies and the undermining of many nation states as a result of globalisation. During the first half of the new decade, Amnesty International turned its attention to violence against women, controls on the world arms trade, concerns surrounding the effectiveness of the UN, and ending torture. SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS Overview ‘’Whoever you are, wherever you live, all the decisions you make about your own body should be

Introduction What human rights violations are taking place in Philippines, Brunei and East - Timor and what is being done to address the problems. Using the UDHR the violations were found. The UDHR is a document stating rules on what a country or person should go by. Every country in the world breaks a few of these rights, no government can control their country so that it follows these rights, some countries a run by their religion and religions have their own rules and don 't go by these. The countries researched Philippines, Brunei and East-Timor don’t follow all these rules.

And the third category is known as Collective Rights or the Third Generation Rights. In the Covenant on Civil and political Rights (First Generation Rights) there are several rights mentioned but apart from the Right to life as mentioned in the Article 6 no other rights include the right to safe environment either directly or indirectly. The Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights however provides several rights that are related to minimum necessities of human life which includes right to work, right to the enjoyment of just and favourable conditions of work, particularly, a decent living for himself and their families, right to safe and healthy working conditions, right to everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself,

Current research lies in the theme of human rights and culture have mainly three groups, that is moral argument, model of relativism and universalism, and the feasible implementation of human rights in Asia. Selective concepts of Confucian virtues has been discussing in the studies on a philosophical basis of human rights in Asia mainly. Surrounding the humaneness, the central moral concept in Confucianism, other virtues have partly been mentioned, like righteousness (yi), frankness (cheng), filial piety (xiao). However, Confucian ethics and the relationship with the external practice lies in the central meaning of Confucian political claim did not be taken into closely consideration. Besides, the ambivalence of translation on the Confucian ethics has generated dilemma of understanding, like the concept of ren may be translated into humanity, humaneness,