Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science in which creating intelligent machines are emphasized. These machines are created to do tasks that involve aspects like learning, planning, and problem solving. Knowledge engineering is the center of AI creation motives. Artificial intelligence is made with the ideals of creating a machine capable of thinking and reacting like a human (What Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?). With this field of science expanding rapidly, AI is becoming more complex. This realness that comes with these new technologies have led to talks of the ethics that are involved with creating them. Most philosophers and scientists believe that morals must be in place when stepping into this field of science. Roboethics …show more content…
These morals involve ensuring that machines do not harm humans and also the need to evaluate the ethical status of the machines themselves, such as rights given to them and how they are treated (Bostrom and Yudkowsky). Nick Bostrom, a researcher at the Future of Humanity Institute, and Eliezer Yudkowsky of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute collaborated on a journal in regards to the ethics of artificial intelligence. According to them, future AI systems have potential for obtaining moral statuses with individual thinking progression and learning skills. With this in mind, problems arise such as the machines developing unfair decision algorithms involving discrimination against different races and genders. When AI algorithms take on cognitive tasks previously done by humans, social requirements can be inherited and used in a way that does not benefit all that use it. Bostrom and Yudkowsky believe that it is important that artificial intelligence is made to be “robust against manipulation.” The AI must be able to stay true to the task it is given, and not be influenced to any outside forces. An individual mind must be created to stay on …show more content…
The authors also go on to describe a type of moral assessment known as the principle of substrate non-discrimination, which basically states that even though AI is nonliving, it is capable of being morally relevant. The journal closes with the idea that artificial intelligence currently offers very little ethical issues, but as the field expands and technologies become more humanlike, it is important to apply moral capabilities to the AI, to be able to create fair machines that do not obtain too much power over humans. Limitations need to be put in place in order to assure that artificial intelligence are morally sound machines that do not cause harm to humans or do their tasks in unfair manners. (Bostrom and Yudkowsky). Writers for Nature share the idea that ethical limitations need to be taken more seriously in regards to crating artificial intelligence. Stuart Russell, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley writes on the use of AI as weapons. Super-intelligent machines may be able to be used as weapons. This creates a debate of whether or not it is ethical to use weapons out of human
Bonnie Docherty does not support the idea of using robot for warfares due to moral issues. She states :”It would undermine human dignity to be killed by a machine that can’t understand the value of human life.”. She also convokes the ban on the use of robots in war “before humanity crosses what she calls a moral threshold.”. She emphasizes how these machines will completely change the way of war like what gunpowder and nuclear have done. Thus, she worries about what these machines are capable of doing and who will take the responsible for war
Leonel Ramos Mrs.Harrell ENG 112 May 3, 2023 Final Exam Essay The articles “'Rise of the Machines' is Not a Likely Future” by Micheal Littman and the article “Is Google Making Us Stupid” by Nicholas Carr discuss the topics of the impact of technology. The articles discuss the same topic in a unique way but sway in view points. For example in the article “Rise of the Machines' is Not a Likely Future” Littman suggest that technology is not here to over take us and going to take over he suggest that AI is still in the work and has room to improve but we should use it to improve society.
“We need ethics to help us decide what to do in situations not covered by laws: for example, areas beyond the reach of law, such as personal relationships, but also in situations, such as biotechnology or the internet, that are so new that the legal system has yet to catch up” (Goldburg, 2009). Ethics involves systematising, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. A male pretending to be a female is not ‘right’ behavior, vice versa. If a male was to walk into a female bathroom, would woman be comfortable with that? If a female walked into a male bathroom, would men be comfortable with that?
As society continues to develop and makes new plans, technology in today’s world is starting to raise some questions. Patrick Lin, is a philosopher and director of the ethics emerging group at the state University in California. With the help of the university Patrick Lin wrote an essay called The Big Question: in his essay, he talks about the technologies and ideas in which many people seem to overlook today. In hopes of raising awareness about the upcoming industrial revolution of robotics. the changing of the world around us is already underway.
And with this we are also creating more intelligent machines. Some time ago an essay was published by (Ray Kurzweil) called “The Coming Merging of Mind and Machine” this article goes over a lot of evolutionary advances our machines have come too and will come to in the future of human existence. There is a quote that states “as this happens, there will be no longer be a clear distinction between humans and machines” (Kuzweil). He is saying that in the near future we will have created such advanced technology that people will not be able to tell the difference between human and machines. This means that a computer system or robot will have every this a human has, thoughts, free speech, and perhaps conscience.
Since human beings are born, people always try to find a general standard to judge our morality and behaviors. We call this standard as moral compass, people expect that a stable moral compass can become the rules of all human behaviors. In Hal Herzog’s essay “Animals Like Us”, he points out that people have a very contradictory mentality when they face relationship between human and animals becuause people have their own ideas and attitudes about different animals. That is why people do not have a stable moral compass when they face different animals. The same moral issues also exist when people deal with the influences about the new genetic technologies.
Based upon the analysis, Parnas’ article is geared more towards people involved in the field of Artificial Intelligence where Eldridge’s article is geared towards people who are not necessarily knowledgeable about Artificial Intelligence yet are interested to learn more about the topic. Throughout the article, Parnas maintains the skeptical attitude towards Artificial Intelligence, literally ending with “Devices that use heuristics to create the illusion of Intelligence present a risk we should not accept” (Parnas, 6). Eldridge on the other hand, maintains a positive attitude throughout the article despite the shortcomings of AI. Together, both authors provide compelling arguments for and against Artificial
Chris McCandless, whose story is analyzed in Into the Wild, by Jon Krakauer, is a young adult who decides to leave his known habits and material belongings behind and live a completely self-sufficient life in the wilderness, a choice which ultimately leads to his death. In doing that, he also forfeits his family and friends. With that in mind, a question can be posed regarding the ethics of said behavior. As a childless, single and financially independent man, Chris McCandless has absolute ownership of his body and thus his decision to continue doing a sport that he knows can kill him is ethically defensible.
In the New York Times Magazine, "Death by Robot," Robin Henig addresses about how robots contributed remarkably to society and became a part of human 's life, but when it came to choosing between two contradictory choices of life and death, even with superior data and calculations, a robot would not be able to replace a human 's
Artificial Intelligence and its effect on the workforce Artificial intelligence(AI) is a recent reality of technological advancement affecting human society. To analyze its effect on the workforce we will look back in history for technological disruptions and how they affected the workforce and compare and contrast to the way AI is currently impacting and will continue impacting the human workforce and other aspects of human society such as economics, politics and the general environment. History Throughout history technological advancement has affected human society in its ways of living, working and its environment.
Defining intelligence is a very difficult proposition and one which Alan Turing attempted to avoid answering as regards machine intelligence in the Imitation Game which has become known as the Turing Test (Turing, 1950). He posed the question “Can machines think?” which is he developed to ask if machines are able to converse in a way that can persuade humans they too are human. A machine is declared to have passed the test if human judges are unable to tell the difference between a human and a computer through a typed conversation. He suggested that a machine that persuades 70 per cent of human judges after five minutes of conversation should be deemed to have passed the test.
Artificial Intelligence is the field within computer science to explain some aspects of the human thinking. It includes aspects of intelligence to interact with the environment through sensory means and the ability to make decisions in unforeseen circumstances without human intervention. The beginnings of modern AI can be traced to classical philosophers' attempts to describe human thinking as a symbolic system. MIT cognitive scientist Marvin Minsky and others who attended the conference
New technologies that people had never imagined a decade, or even some decades ago, are now expanding and changing all our lives. Taking smartphones as an example, people in old time had never imagined that small, tiny box could enable people to bring smart computer to everywhere. Yet, smartphones are now completely embedded into our lives and changed how we communicate. Technology lets us live simply, more conveniently, and more easily, but at the same time, it creates complex debates and controversies of ethical problems. In this world, where humans cannot live without the benefits of technology, it is impossible to ignore ethical problems.
Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Ethics: Literature Review The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, authored by Nick Bostrom and Eliezer Yudkowsky, as a draft for the Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, introduces five (5) topics of discussion in the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ethics, including, short term AI ethical issues, AI safety challenges, moral status of AI, how to conduct ethical assessment of AI, and super-intelligent Artificial Intelligence issues or, what happens when AI becomes much more intelligent than humans, but without ethical constraints? This topic of ethics and morality within AI is of particular interest for me as I will be working with machine learning, mathematical modeling, and computer simulations for my upcoming summer internship at the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) in Norco, California. After I complete my Master Degree in 2020 at Northeastern University, I will become a full time research engineer working at this navy laboratory. At the suggestion of my NSWC mentor, I have opted to concentrate my master’s degree in Computer Vision, Machine Learning, and Algorithm Development, technologies which are all strongly associated with AI. Nick Bostrom, one of the authors on this article, is Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy at Oxford University and the Director at the Future of Humanity Institute within the Oxford Martin School.
I do not believe the field has been developed to its potential in any regard, and feel that considerable progress can be made to improve the interactive experience that users have with an artificial intelligence application. This genuine intrigue combined with my curiosity for the subject matter and the limitless potential of the field are the reason why I wish to pursue a greater depth of knowledge in artificial