Friedel-Craft Acylation Simulation Lab Report

It forms a complex with HBr and extracts it from the aqueous phase into the organic phase where the alkene is. This dehydrates the acid, making it more reactive so that the addition reaction is possible. Rapid stirring is required in order to maximize the surface area

The goal of experiment four was to use sodium dichromate to oxidize borneol to camphor. To purify the camphor use sublimation, then reduce camphor to isomeric alcohol isoborneol with sodium borohydride. Use the 1H NMR to determine the ratio of borneol to isoborneol in the final product. The experiment was carried out by using sodium dichromate to oxidize a borneol solution that was made with borneol and ethyl acetate. Once the reaction was complete the mixture was transferred into a separatory funnel where the ether and aqueous layers were separated and the aqueous layer was then extracted with two portions of ether.

The purpose of this experiment was to learn about the electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions that take place on benzene, and how the presence of substituents in the ring affect the orientation of the incoming electrophile. Using acetanilide, as the starting material, glacial acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid were mixed and stirred to produce p-nitroacetanilide. In a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 3.305 g of acetanilide were allowed to mix with 5.0 mL of glacial acetic acid. This mixture was warmed in a hot plate with constantly stirring at a lukewarm temperature so as to avoid excess heating. If this happens, the mixture boils and it would be necessary to start the experiment all over again.

In a small 125ml Erlenmeyer flask, dry the ether solution over anhydrous calcium chloride. Add sufficient calcium chloride so that it no longer clumps to pellets added earlier on the bottom of the flask. Remove the solvent using a rotary evaporator and weigh product. Results 1 mole of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH = 122.12grams) reacts with 1 mole of methanol (CH3OH = 32grams/mole) to produce 1 mole of methyl benzoate (C6H5COOCH3 = 136.15grams) and 1 mole of water.

Lecturer Date Introduction Theoretical Background Procedure The procedure was segmented into two categories, the reaction set up and the crude product isolation. Reaction set up The magnetic stirrer was prepared through placing it in the fume cupboard. 1 mmol of L-Phenylalanine was placed and weighed in a 5 mL conical vial.

The reaction to synthesize benzocaine was known as a Fisher esterification reaction. The Fisher esterification was reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid in the presence of acid. The reaction was used to form an ester. In the experiment, sulfuric acid acted as a catalyst and necessary for this reaction to occur. There was a change between the –OH group of carboxylic acid to an –OCH2CH3 group in the reaction.

INTRODUCTION Acetylene discovered by Edmund chemist in 1836 Who known it as a "new combination of hydrogen".. In 1860 it was made by a new technique by passing over red hot tube, vapours of organic compounds (methanol, ethanol, etc.) by Marcellin Berthelot . He also found that ethyne can be produced or formed by sparking electricity through mixed cyanogens and hydrogen gases . 1.1 USES: Acetylene (C2H2 ) is extremely reactive , having commercial importanc organic compound. it's employed in Fusion welding (process of joining metallic parts).Acetylene is employed as a primarily staple for the synthesis of no of organic chemicals .

It is understood the mechanism is acid-catalyzed where protons coordinate with the carbonyl oxygen to make the carbonyl carbon more electropositive for nucleophilic attack (Scheme 1). In the experimental procedure all reactants were added together, this is inefficient as the protons can coordinate with either trans-cinnamic acid or methanol. Coordination with methanol is unnecessary as it reduces its nucleophilicity and makes less protons available to coordinate with the carboxylic acid. To improve

At room temperature is a colorless gas with an odor similar to gasoline. It is an alkene used to manufacture rubber by addition polymerization. It has two C-C double bonds in its structure which allows the compound to form a wide variety of polymers including ABS. This compound is a toxic gas listed as a human carcinogen. Figure 2.

“Chemists created hundreds of new projects, from medicines such as aspirin to perfumes and soaps. Newly developed chemical fertilizers

Purpose/Introduction The process of recrystallization is an important method of purifying a solid organic substance using a hot solution as a solvent. This method will allow the separation of impurities. We will analyze Benzoic Acid as it is dissolved and recrystallized in water and in a solvent of Methanol and water. Reaction/Summary

2.EXPERIMENTAL 2.1. Materials Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as membrane material was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Levulinic acid (LA), ethanol, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide was obtained from Merck Chemicals. The catalyst tungstosilicic acid hydrate and solvent isopropanol were supplied by Sigma Aldrich. 2.2.

The usage of acetylene and aldehyde as reactants for vinyl acetate manufacture was extensively replaced by ethylene due to the advantages the latter had. Vinyl acetate is the monomer for principally polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and other polymer such as vinyl chloride acetate and ethylene-vinyl acetate. Therefore polymerization reaction

It was calculated and found that the concentration of benzoic acid was higher at 30℃ (0.0308M) than at 20℃

Synthetic molecules and their impact on technology and our daily life Name: jeena Grade: 9A Teachers name: Bader Saidi Unit title: how do atoms bond? Introduction: Innovation is the result of a need, a demand, and to solve an issue or a problem. This allowed scientists over the years, not only study natural elements and well known compounds, but led them to form various chemical reactions to produce new products; synthetic products that will serve their need. I chose this topic to explore and recognize manufactured synthetic products, their uses, applications and their impact on the environment.