Cellular Respiration Lab

During this experiment, mitochondria were isolated from 20.2 grams of cauliflower using extraction buffer, filtration through Miracloth, and centrifusion. Twelve samples containing various volumes of mitochondrial suspension, assay buffer, DCIP, sodium azide, and citric acid cycle intermediates were prepared to be read by a spectrophotometer. The inclusion of the dye DCIP allowed for the absorbance of the reactions between the mitochondrial suspension and the TCA cycle intermediates succinate, malonate, and oxalate to be measured, as DCIP turns from blue to colorless as the activity of succinate dehydrogenase increases. Experimental Findings Increasing the number of mitochondria in the reaction did increase the reduction of DCIP relative to the amount of mitochondrial suspension present.

Human error played a factor because it was not made sure that air was trapped in each bag. In the class data the amount of seeds germinated on day three was higher than the amount of seeds germinated on day four. This is not possible as the amount of seeds germinated cannot decrease, rather they should stay the same or increase. A seed cannot go from being germinated to not being germinated. This could have occurred from miscounting or not accurately counting the number of seeds germinated.

Introduction: Enzymes are needed for survival in any living system and they control cellular reactions. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the energy needed for molecules to begin reacting with each other. They do this by forming an enzyme-substrate complex that reduces energy that is required for a specific reaction to occur. Enzymes determine their functions by their shape and structure. Enzymes are made of amino acids, it 's made of anywhere from a hundred to a million amino acids, each they are bonded to other chemical bonds.

Dependent Variable Rate of Respiration (Rate of which CO2 is produced in ppm/s) The rate of respiration of the germinating seeds can be represented by the rate of which CO2 is produced. The rate of respiration is expected to be affected by the change in temperature of the environment. As mentioned in the hypothesis, the change in the respiration rate is most likely to be due to the involvement of enzymes in the process.

Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to test for mitochondrial activity by isolating different organelles using the differential centrifugation process. Studying mitochondria is extremely important because they control the death and life of the cell by regulating the apoptotic signals (Frezza et al 2007). Also they are responsible for the metabolic reactions (aerobic respiration) and the production of ATP (Frezza et al 2007). Three hypotheses were formed based on my knowledge.

Because carbon dioxide is absorbed by the plant during photosynthesis less carbon dioxide present in the chamber is a sign that photosynthesis is working. The four lights used for this experiment range across the light spectrum on both sides in order to test a wider variety of wavelengths. All lights will be placed directly on the spinach leaf at the same distance so as not to give any spinach leaf a different light intensity, which could affect the data. This experiment will be able to show which light, ranging across the light spectrum, will allow the Spinach to perform photosynthesis more efficiently.

DIY - What Is Life? How can you determine whether something is alive, dead, or non-living? Whenever we speak of life, we must think in terms of cells.

Fermentation is breaking down glucose without any oxygen. But there is a more detailed and complete way of breaking down glucose and that is called cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration is when oxygen is used as the reactant, but an organic fuel is also used. Cellular respiration can have not anaerobic and aerobic processes. When one substance moves electrons completely to a whole different electron is called a redox reaction.

When oxygen is involved, glycolysis is the beginning step of the process known as, aerobic cellular respiration. When oxygen is not involved, cells are only allowed to produce small quantities of ATP, this process is called anaerobic

To produce 1 glucose, two G3P molecules are required. The Calvin cycle must cycle twice to yield 2 G3P. Per cycle, it uses 9 ATP and 6 NADPH, thus for 1 glucose, 18 ATP and 12 NADPH are necessary. The minimal number of red photons necessary to produce 1 glucose is 0, assuming there is at least 18 ATP and 12 NADPH present. Assuming neither are present, then the minimum number of photons needed depends on the initial concentration of protons in the stroma and the thylakoid lumen. To produce ATP and NADPH from the linear electron transport chain, photons first are absorbed by chlorophyll molecules and their energy is transferred from chlorophyll to chlorophyll through inductive resonance until it reaches the chlorophyll α’s in the reaction

Within the section concerning metabolism and the functions of plant organs, Heinz and Maguire (1973:7, emphasis in original) relate a description given by one of their ! kõ informants: Plants breathe, as do animals and humans, but they only do so while they bear leaves. When the leaves turn brown they stop. In the following growth season they begin to breathe again through the leaf buds. Plants drink water with roots and stem.

Respiration is a process that is needed to circulate air between our lungs and the external environment. The respiration process requires muscles and different mechanism in order for oxygen to reach out to the lungs. Two main mechanisms involved in the respiration process is the act of inspiration and expiration. Inspiration involves inhaling the flow of oxygen in to the lungs. Expiration involves exhaling carbon dioxide into the external environment.

The foods that you eat can affect the efficiency of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration needs the nutrients that you supply your body with through eating to occur. The first step of cellular respiration is glycolysis, then the Krebs cycle, and then the electron transport train, all of which require glucose in order to occur. So if a person eats a lot of sugar, then they will have a lot of glucose for the body to utilize and cellular respiration will be very efficient. However, if somebody is eating less sugars due to a diet or medical problem, then there will be less glucose for your body to use for cellular respiration and therefore, the three steps of cellular respiration will not be able to occur as much because of the lack of glucose,

Then, tests are performed to determine if the products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration are present in the flasks. The citric acid cycle consists of a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of ATP (Biology). The tests detect the presence of carbon dioxide and ethanol. Carbon dioxide should be present irrespective of the type of respiration taking place, but ethanol is present only if fermentation has occurred. Another factor that can indicate whether fermentation occurred or cellular respiration occurred is the amount of glucose utilized during incubation.

Research Question: How does the presence of light impact the rate of transpiration in plants? Aim: The aim of this experiment was to investigate how the presence of light affects the rate of transpiration in plants. Hypothesis: As light intensity increases, the rate of transpiration (water uptake) in a plant increases.