Summary Of The Controversial Court Case Of Ogden Vs. Gibbons

Aime Amouzou Period# 7 3/13/14 Although improving economic conditions and the threat to national security causes American support for the Allies, the United States entered World War II in order to preserve democratic values worldwide. As time went on and the war continued in Europe, the threat to national security and democratic values increased, and the United States became closer and closer to entering the war. The war time economy, which existed only on the grounds of preparedness and aid to the allies, was booming, and finally bringing a complete recovery from the depression. The American public clearly favored the Allied powers, and entrance to World War II became inevitable.

During the early 1800’s, Robert Fulton developed the first commercial steamboat with the aid of Robert R. Livingston. This invention “secured American economic stability and influenced everyday life for over a century”. The steamboat made transportation much for efficient by shortening the time traveled, including that of upstream navigation. While Fulton and Livingston are the primary creators for this innovative invention, they do not deserve monopolies. Fulton and Livingston did however, create and extend a monopoly which the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional because of their excessive control of trade.

The Seminole Tribe sued the state of Florida, arguing that the state's actions violated the IGRA and their tribal sovereignty. The case ultimately reached the US Supreme Court, which ruled in favor of the Seminole Tribe in a 6-3 decision.

According to the Tenth Amendment of the constitution, “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people”. There have been moments in history where Congress has implemented laws that states felt were unconstitutional. The Constitution gave states the ability to counter the federal government’s power through the Judiciary branch of government, when they feel a law is unconstitutional. The Founders of our nation gave Congress enumerated powers to pass legislation that needs to be abided by all states and citizens. At times Congress will overstep its powers by enacting laws that are unconstitutional and the states have the right to challenge those powers.

During the period of 1815-1860, a Transportation Revolution swept through America (Murrin pg. 293). The improvements in transportation included more and better roads. steamboats, canals, and railroads (Murrin pg. 293). These new railroads were able to connect old communities with previously isolated areas (Murrin pg. 293). In 1815 the United States was a rural area stretching from old settlements on the Atlantic coast to the trans-Appalachian west, with transportation facilities spanning from primitive and nonexistent (Murrin pg. 294).

In the brief film “Gibbons vs. Ogden”, the conflict of how New York Steamboat Law seems to interfer with the Federal Coastal Act was adressed. The basics of this case are, The captain of the ship, Bellona, was reported as unlawfully operating a steam boat; he did not have a licenense. Confused, he stated he did have a license to navigate on the United States ocean, the Constable responded with the phrase, New york has jurdiction of the new york waters, Gibbons was furious. In 1789 a New York Steamboat Act was passed, stating, anybody who would be driving through the Waters of New York would need a license from Livingston and Futon. After futher discussion, it was discovered, that the Federal Coasting Act is unconstitutional.

This greatly affected the court case because it gave all his arguments a lot more strength then they should have had. This combined with

The Supreme of the United States is the body entrusted with interpreting the Constitution in relation to cases whose outcomes will establish precedents with weighty, far reaching legal implications. In many such cases, the conflicting parties may both claim that their actions or (in the case of public officials) rulings, are protected by one or more amendments to the constitution. In reconciling these conflicts, justices must reckon with the intent of laws written centuries ago in relation to contemporary issues. They must also make decisions where the scope of one legally protected right comes into conflict with another. The 1976 case, Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart, provides an example of this nuanced, subtle process and highlights the way in which Supreme Court decisions have potentially monumental, everlasting consqequences.

He mentioned that (from 2:12 to 2:37) “this case has become a political symbol and it was made into a political symbol by Teddy Roosevelt when he ran for president in 1912, and it was a symbol about how Roosevelt claimed that the court had overreached and overstepped its boundaries to block progressive legislation from being enacted at the state level.” Besides, Paul Kens, a Texas State University professor wrote a book named Lochner v. New York, thought it was the most controversial decision because of two reasons (from 3:42 to 4:20): “one of those reasons is that it had an economic element to it, a conflict between two different decisions.

The history of steamboats is quite interesting. Back before cars and trains existed, rivers were used for trasportation. The travels they often took were slow because speed of travel depended on the river current, and manpower. That is, until, the 1800s where steamboats could reach up to speeds of 5 miles per hour. After they realized they could reach such speeds, the men started river travel and trade.

Research Paper Grand Jury plays an important role in the criminal process, but it does not involve finding the guilt or punishment of a party. A grand jury determines whether criminal charges should be brought. If the grand jury returns an indictment, it is referred to as a true bill. If the grand jury refuses to indict the defendant, it is referred to as a no bill. The prosecutor instead works with the grand jury.

The Erie Canal region is used as a microcosm to determine the different changes in geography, environment, government, and the economy. The middle class had demanded, and influenced, a change in the way that trade worked the period before the civil war. With this change came the import of new/scarce foods that New Yorkers typically didn 't have access to such as oysters. The transformation of this region as a result of the Erie Canal is organized around six topics, each of which is covered by a chapter. Governor DeWitt Clinton was the pioneer who led this expedition in an effort to show the public that he was dedicated to technological progress for the people of the north.

In the early 1800s, the governor of New York, Dewitt Clinton, came up with a plan to support the abundance of the rivers. He decided to dig a 363-mile canal located in New York between Lake Erie and the Hudson River. This canal was called “The Erie Canal”. The Erie Canal provided the best connection between the east coast and the settlements near the Great Lakes. This canal would also be helpful to transporting crops and can also be used as an irrigation system to water crops, etc.

The Court has, in previous cases, established three separate tests for determining violations of the Establishment Clause. The Petitioners, in the present case, offer sufficient –though not outstanding – evidence to comply with the requirements of each. The Lemon Test exists as a three-pronged test: 1) Does the challenged action have a secular purpose; 2) Does the challenged action remain neutral (neither advances nor inhibits a religion); 3) Does the challenged action avoid excessive entanglement between governmental institutions and religious institutions. Lemon v. Kurtzman, [403 U.S. 602, 91 S.C.T. 2105 (1971)].

Steamboats Steamboats in the 1800s were very important in the United states. The development of steamboats, impact on the economy, and how they worked were important to the improvement of transportation. Steamboats in the 1800s in America were very important for the shipping industry. Robert Fulton's first design was in France and his first ship was called the Clermont. This was the first form of steam travel.